Among renewable energy sources the sun is certainly one of the easiest to exploit. Solar panels allow generating electrical energy but they generally have low efficiency. It is therefore important to optimize a solar module to maximize its energy production. Faults can have for example a big impact on the amount of energy production, and should be avoided if possible. This goal can be achieved by designing fault tolerant photovoltaic modules.

In this paper, we propose a sensing and repair system for photovoltaic modules. The system is based on two key elements: sensing of the photovoltaic cell status through memristors and dynamic reconfiguration of the connections among cells. Using a memristor for sensing allows creating simple yet effective measuring systems that is able to detect the state of each cell of the modules. This information can be read externally or can be used internally by the reconfiguration system. The second key element of our system is indeed a new reconfiguration scheme that allows dynamically changing the connections among cells. This system can be used to reconfigure the connections among cells to maximize energy production, depending on the health state of each solar cell. The same system can be used to substitute redundant cells in the array to compensate faults and to improve energy production. We present a detailed characterization and power analysis of the system, highlighting the improvements in energy production and demonstrating its ability to compensate faults. The solution that we propose is modular and can be extended to arrays of any size. It can also be potentially embedded inside a solar panel, leading to a self-healing device that can improve the energy that is generating.

在可再生能源中，太阳无疑是最容易利用的太阳之一。太阳能电池板可以产生电能，但效率通常较低。因此，重要的是优化太阳能模块以最大化其能量产生。故障例如会对能量产生量产生很大影响，应尽可能避免。通过设计容错光伏模块可以实现该目标。

在本文中，我们提出了一种用于光伏模块的传感和维修系统。该系统基于两个关键要素：通过忆阻器感测光伏电池的状态以及电池之间连接的动态重新配置。使用忆阻器进行感测可以创建简单而有效的测量系统，该系统能够检测模块每个单元的状态。此信息可以从外部读取，也可以由重新配置系统在内部使用。我们系统的第二个关键要素确实是一种新的重新配置方案，该方案允许动态更改单元之间的连接。根据每个太阳能电池的健康状态，该系统可用于重新配置电池之间的连接，以最大程度地提高能量的产生。可以使用同一系统来替换阵列中的冗余单元，以补偿故障并提高能量产生。我们将对系统进行详细的特性描述和功率分析，重点介绍能源生产方面的改进并展示其补偿故障的能力。我们提出的解决方案是模块化的，可以扩展到任何大小的阵列。它还可以潜在地嵌入太阳能电池板内部，从而形成可以改善所产生能量的自愈设备。