Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been recognized as emerging pollutants that are widely distributed and accumulated in most of aquatic environment. Although many ARGs-removal technologies are employed, a corresponding discussion of merits and limitations of known technologies is still currently lacking. More importantly, the removal mechanisms of ARGs remain unclear, hindering their ecological feasibility. Thus, further in-depth studies are highly required. In this review, the occurrence and risk of ARGs in aquatic environment are introduced, and the main routes and potential impacts of ARGs dissemination are enumerated. In addition, several novel ARGs detection methods are critically reviewed. Notably, to ensure greater applicability of these technologies, systematic information on how recent technologies impact the ARGs removal and control are comprehensively compared and summarized. Finally, future research directions to alleviate the risk of ARGs in aquatic environment are briefly introduced. Taken together, this review provides useful information to facilitate the development of innovative and feasible ARGs removal technologies and increase their economic viability and ecological sustainability.

抗生素抗性基因（ARG）被公认为是新兴污染物，在大多数水生环境中广泛分布和积累。尽管采用了许多去除ARGs的技术，但目前仍缺乏对已知技术的优缺点的相应讨论。更重要的是，ARGs的去除机制仍然不清楚，从而阻碍了其生态可行性。因此，高度需要进一步的深入研究。在这篇综述中，介绍了水生环境中ARGs的发生和风险，并列举了ARGs传播的主要途径和潜在影响。此外，严格审查了几种新颖的ARGs检测方法。值得注意的是，为了确保这些技术的更大适用性，全面比较和总结了有关最新技术如何影响ARG去除和控制的系统信息。最后，简要介绍了减轻水生环境中ARG风险的未来研究方向。综上所述，本综述提供了有用的信息，以促进创新和可行的ARGs去除技术的发展，并提高其经济可行性和生态可持续性。