Excess inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the main contributors of aquatic environmental deterioration. Due to the agricultural and industrial activities in the rapidly urbanized basin, the anthropogenic N and P cycle are significantly different from other regions. In this study, we took the Pearl River Delta as an example and introduced the budget list of N and P in the five survey years, including the net anthropogenic N inputs (NANI) and net anthropogenic P inputs (NAPI). The results revealed that the intensities of NANI and NAPI in this area increased from 2008 to 2010 and then decreased after 2010. The peak values were 21001 kg N km⁻²yr⁻¹ and 4515 kg P km⁻²yr⁻¹ for the intensities of NNAI and NAPI, respectively, while the lowest values decreased to 19186 kg N km⁻²yr⁻¹ and 4103 kg P km⁻²yr⁻¹ in 2016. The most important contribution of NANI and NAPI sources in this area were net N and P inputs for human food and animal feed with an average contribution of 61.41% and 76.83%, which indicated that large amounts of N and P were introduced into the environment through the food system. This study expanded the knowledge on regional environmental management from human dietary consumption, human life consumption, animal consumption and fertilizer consumption. Its reuse will be put into practice by understanding the driving factors of N and P inputs in each region of the basin, combining the urbanization characteristics.

氮（N）和磷（P）的过量输入是造成水生环境恶化的主要因素。由于快速城市化盆地的农业和工业活动，人为的氮和磷循环与其他地区有显着差异。在这项研究中，我们以珠江三角洲为例，介绍了五个调查年度的N和P预算清单，包括人为净氮投入（NANI）和人为P净投入（NAPI）。结果表明，该地区NANI和NAPI的强度从2008年至2010年先升高后在2010年后降低。峰值分别为21001 kg N km ^-2 yr ^-1和4515 kg P km ^-2 yr ^-1分别为NNAI和NAPI的强度，而最低值分别降至19186 kg N km ^-2 yr ^-1和4103 kg P km ^-2 yr ^-12016年。该区域最重要的NANI和NAPI来源是人类食物和动物饲料的净N和P投入，平均贡献为61.41％和76.83％，这表明大量N和P被引入通过食物系统的环境。这项研究从人类的饮食消费，人类的生活消费，动物的消费和化肥的消费扩展了对区域环境管理的知识。通过结合流域各地区的特点，了解流域每个区域的氮和磷输入的驱动因素，可以将其再利用付诸实践。