Models for prediction of drag forces within a particle cloud following shock-acceleration are evaluated with the aid of results from particle-resolved simulations in order to quantify how much the disturbances introduced by the proximity of nearby particles affect the drag forces. The drag models evaluated here consist of quasi-steady forces, undisturbed flow forces, inviscid unsteady forces, and viscous unsteady forces. Two dense particle curtain correction schemes to these forces, based on volume fraction and input velocity, are also evaluated. The models are tested in two ways; first they are evaluated based on volume-averaged flow fields from particle-resolved simulations; secondly, they are applied in Eulerian-Lagrangian simulations, and the results are compared to the particle-resolved simulations.

The results show that both correction schemes significantly improve the particle force predictions, but the average total impulse on the particles is still underpredicted by both correction schemes in both tests. With the volume averaged flow fields as input, the volume fraction correction gives the best results. However, in the Eulerian-Lagrangian simulations it is demonstrated that the velocity fluctuation model, associated with the velocity correction scheme, is crucial for obtaining accurate predictions of the mean flow fields.

借助粒子分解模拟的结果，评估了震动加速后的粒子云内阻力的预测模型，以便量化附近粒子附近引入的干扰对阻力的影响程度。此处评估的阻力模型包括准稳态力，无扰动的流动力，无粘性的非稳态力和粘性的非稳态力。基于体积分数和输入速度，还评估了针对这些力的两种致密粒子幕帘校正方案。对模型进行了两种测试：首先，它们是基于粒子解析模拟的体积平均流场进行评估的。其次，将它们应用于欧拉-拉格朗日模拟中，并将结果与​​粒子解析模拟进行比较。

结果表明，两种校正方案都显着改善了颗粒力的预测，但两种测试中的两种校正方案仍无法充分预测颗粒的平均总冲量。使用体积平均流场作为输入，体积分数校正可提供最佳结果。然而，在欧拉-拉格朗日模拟中，证明了与速度校正方案相关的速度波动模型对于获得平均流场的准确预测至关重要。