Objective

Previous studies have suggested that transportation noise may increase risk for breast cancer, but existing literature is scarce and inconclusive. We aimed to investigate associations between road traffic and railway noise and risk for breast cancer across the entire Danish female population.

Methods

For all 2.8 million residential addresses across Denmark, we modelled road and railway noise at the most and least exposed façades for the period 1990–2017. We calculated 10-year time-weighted mean noise exposure for 1.8 million women aged >35 years, of whom 66,006 developed breast cancer during follow-up from 2000 to 2017. We analysed data using Cox proportional hazards models with noise exposure included as 10-year running means and adjusted for a number of individual and area-level socioeconomic co-variates and air pollution with fine particles estimated for all addresses.

Results

For exposures at the least exposed façade, we found that a 10 dB increase in 10-year time-weighted noise was associated with incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for breast cancer of 1.032 (1.019–1.046) for road noise and 1.023 (0.993–1.053) for railway noise. For exposures at the most exposed façade, the IRRs (95% CIs) were 1.012 (1.002–1.022) for road noise and 1.020 (1.001–1.039) for railway noise. Associations were strongest among women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative breast cancer.

Conclusions

Road traffic and railway noise were associated with higher risk for breast cancer, especially noise at the least exposed façade, which is a proxy for noise exposure during sleep.

中文翻译：

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公路和铁路噪音与乳腺癌风险：覆盖丹麦的全国性研究

目的

先前的研究表明，交通噪音可能会增加患乳腺癌的风险，但是现有文献很少且没有定论。我们旨在调查整个丹麦女性人群中道路交通与铁路噪声与乳腺癌风险之间的关联。

方法

对于丹麦全国所有280万个住宅地址，我们对1990-2017年期间暴露量最多和最少的立面的道路和铁路噪声进行了建模。我们计算了180万名年龄> 35岁的妇女的10年时间加权平均噪声暴露量，其中从2000年到2017年在随访期间有66,006名乳腺癌。我们使用Cox比例风险模型分析了数据，其中噪声暴露量为10-年运行平均值，并针对许多个人和地区级社会经济协变量和空气污染进行了调整，并估算了所有地址的细颗粒。

结果

对于外露最少的外墙，我们发现10年时间加权噪声增加10 dB与乳腺癌的发生率比（IRR）和95％置信区间（CI）相关，为1.032（1.019-1.046）道路噪音为1.023（0.993–1.053）。对于暴露在最外立面的辐射，道路噪声的IRR（95％CI）为1.012（1.002-1.022），铁路噪声的IRR为1.020（1.001-1.039）。在具有人类表皮生长因子受体2阴性乳腺癌的女性中，关联最强。

结论

道路交通和铁路噪音与罹患乳腺癌的风险较高相关，尤其是在外露最少的立面上的噪音，这是睡眠时暴露于噪音的一种表现。