The transport sector accounts for 27 % of total CO₂ emissions in the EU, with almost half of these being attributed to passenger cars and the automotive industry. In order to meet the Paris Agreement 1.5 °C target, these figures call for interventionist policies that go beyond individual consumer choice and transform industrial sectors. The article conceptually elaborates on the advancements in transformation and transition studies to analyse the role of industrial policy for accelerating social-ecological transformations. The article empirically analyses key characteristics of EU industrial policy and critically discusses its potential for transforming the automotive sector, based on a qualitative case study of the Austrian automotive (supplier) industry. Our analysis suggests that EU industrial policies at most ecologically modernise and at worst actively conserve the unsustainable structures of the automotive industry. This is because EU automotive industrial policies (1) defend economic growth and competitiveness, (2) focus narrowly on innovation (policy) and refuse to disrupt unsustainable industrial pathways as well as (3) promote ecological modernisation through efficiency instead of absolute emission reductions. The article concludes with entry points for a transformative industrial policy beyond ecological modernisation.

在欧盟，交通运输部门占CO ₂排放总量的27％，其中近一半归因于乘用车和汽车工业。为了达到《巴黎协定》规定的1.5°C的目标，这些数字要求采取干预主义政策，这些政策应超出个人消费者的选择范围并改变工业部门。本文从概念上阐述了转型和转型研究的进展，以分析产业政策在加速社会生态转型中的作用。经验性的文章基于奥地利汽车（供应商）行业的定性案例研究，分析了欧盟工业政策的主要特征，并批判性地讨论了其改变汽车行业的潜力。我们的分析表明，欧盟的工业政策最多只能在生态方面实现现代化，而最糟糕的是可以积极保留汽车行业的不可持续结构。这是因为欧盟的汽车工业政策（1）捍卫经济增长和竞争力，（2）狭focus地关注创新（政策），拒绝破坏不可持续的工业道路，以及（3）通过效率而非绝对减排来促进生态现代化。本文以生态现代化之外的变革性产业政策为切入点。