F_OF₁ ATP synthase is a ~ 100% efficient molecular machine for energy conversion in biology, and holds great lessons for man-made energy technology and nanotechnology. In light of formidable biocomplexity of the F_OF₁ machinery, its modeling from pure physical principles remains difficult and rare. Here we construct a thermodynamic model of F_OF₁ from experimentally accessible quantities plus a single entropy production that generally has vanishingly small values (< 1k_B). Based on the physical inputs, this model captures F_OF₁ performance observed over an exhaustively wide range of proton-motive force and nucleotide concentrations. The model predicts a distinct 1/8k_BT slope for ATP synthesis rate versus proton-motive force, which is verified by experimental data and represents a profound thermodynamic marking of this amazingly efficient machine operating near a universal limit of the 2^nd law of thermodynamics. The model further predicts two symmetries of heat productions, which are testable by available experimental techniques and offer quantitative constraints on F_OF₁’s possible mechanisms behind its ~ 100% efficiency.

F _O F ₁ ATP合酶是一种约100％有效的分子机制，可用于生物学中的能量转换，并为人造能源技术和纳米技术提供了很多课程。鉴于F _O F ₁机械的强大生物复杂性，从纯物理原理进行建模仍然十分困难和罕见。在这里，我们从实验上可访问的数量加上单个熵产生（通常具有几乎很小的值（<1 k _B））构建F _O F ₁的热力学模型。根据物理输入，此模型捕获F _O F ₁在质子动力和核苷酸浓度的广泛范围内观察到的性能。该模型预测ATP合成速率相对于质子动力的明显的1/8 k _B T斜率，已通过实验数据进行了验证，并代表了这种惊人有效的机器在接近^第二定律通用极限时的深刻热力学标记。热力学。该模型进一步预测了热量产生的两个对称性，这可以通过可用的实验技术进行测试，并为F _O F ₁的约100％效率背后的可能机理提供了定量限制。