Toxoplasma gondii infection was one of the most frequent AIDS-defining conditions in HIV-infected individuals until the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy. We aimed to assess the clinical load, coinfection, and mortality, as well as time trends for people living with HIV and hospitalized with Toxoplasma gondii infection, in Spain from 1997 to 2015. Retrospective observational analysis using the Spanish National Registry of Hospital Discharges. Information was retrieved for the study period using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision. There were 66,451,094 hospital admissions in Spain from 1997 to 2015, including 472,269 (0.71%) in people living with HIV. Toxoplasma gondii infection was registered in 9006 of these (overall prevalence 1.91%), making it the fifth most common opportunistic infection in hospitalized HIV-positive patients. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection declined in this group from 4.2% in 1997 to 0.8% in 2015 (p < 0.001), while mean age increased, from 35 years in 1997 to 44 years in 2015. The overall in-hospital mortality rate declined from 13.5% in 1997 to 8.9% in 2015, and it was higher in the concomitant presence of bacterial pneumonia (28.9% vs. 10.2%, p < 0.001), cryptosporidiosis (26.9% vs. 11.5%; p = 0.03), cytomegalovirus disease (18.2% vs. 11.2%, p < 0.001), Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (31.5% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.001), leukoencephalopathy (19.8% vs. 11.78% p < 0.001), and wasting syndrome (29.3% vs 10.9%; p < 0.001). Toxoplasma gondii infection prevalence has significantly declined among hospitalized HIV-infected patients in Spain during the last two decades, coinciding with the widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy.

直到联合抗逆转录病毒疗法问世，弓形虫感染才是艾滋病毒感染者中最常见的定义艾滋病的疾病之一。我们的目的是评估1997年至2015年在西班牙的艾滋病毒感染者和刚地弓形虫感染住院的患者的临床负荷，合并感染和死亡率以及时间趋势。使用西班牙国家医院出院登记系统进行回顾性观察分析。使用国际疾病分类（第9版）在研究期间检索信息。从1997年到2015年，西班牙有66,451,094例住院病人，其中472,269（0.71％）例HIV感染者。弓形虫其中有9006例感染（总患病率为1.91％），是住院HIV阳性患者中第五种最常见的机会感染。该组弓形虫感染的患病率从1997年的4.2％下降到2015年的0.8％（p <0.001），平均年龄从1997年的35岁下降到2015年的44岁。总体住院死亡率从从1997年的13.5％提高到2015年的8.9％，并发细菌性肺炎的比例更高（28.9％比10.2％，p <0.001），隐孢子虫病（26.9％比11.5％; p = 0.03），巨细胞病毒病（18.2％vs. 11.2％，p <0.001），吉氏肺孢子虫肺炎（31.5％vs. 10.5％，p <0.001），白质脑病（19.8％vs. 11.78％p <0.001）和消瘦综合征（29.3％vs 10.9％; p <0.001）。在过去的二十年中，西班牙弓形虫的弓形虫感染率在住院的HIV感染患者中已显着下降，这与抗逆转录病毒疗法联合治疗的广泛使用相吻合。