Polarization effects of channels such as turbulent free space and optical fibers can deteriorate the quality of polarization-sensitive communication schemes, for example, quantum key distribution. The exact nature of the channel is problematic to determine, and most theoretical results are based on approximations. We introduce a general model with probabilistic polarization angle rotation and analyze the average error it causes in terms of the moments of the probability distribution. For a small rotation angle variance, an inequality between distributions’ errors is considered based on their kurtosis values and potentially higher-order central moments. An upper bound is determined for the error probability, holding for all practically interesting scenarios.

中文翻译：

---

偏振敏感通信系统中信道旋转角矩的误差概率

湍流自由空间和光纤等通道的偏振效应会降低偏振敏感通信方案的质量，例如量子密钥分发。通道的确切性质难以确定，大多数理论结果都基于近似值。我们介绍了一个具有概率极化角旋转的通用模型，并根据概率分布的矩分析了它引起的平均误差。对于小的旋转角方差，分布误差之间的不等式会根据它们的峰态值和潜在的高阶中心矩来考虑。确定错误概率的上限，适用于所有实际有趣的场景。