Pyroptosis cell death in recent thymus emigrants (RTE) CD4+ T lymphocytes plays an important role on HIV-1 infection as a cause of CD4+ T cell depletion, being influenced by several factors, among them, the sex. Thus, the aim of this study was evaluated pyroptosis levels in RTE CD4+ T lymphocytes of individuals under antiretroviral therapy (ART) stratified by sex. Thirty-seven ART-treated HIV-positive patients (22 females and 15 males) and 12 (seven females and five males) clinically health subjects were recruited. Analysis by flow-cytometry of RTE CD4+ cells (CD4+ CD31+ /fluorescent-labeled inhibitors of caspases-Caspase-1+) were performed. Clinical and sociodemographic aspects were also evaluated from medical records. We observed statistically higher levels of pyroptosis RTE CD4+ T cells in male individuals (69.3%) compared with female group (39.1%) (P = 0.0356). Pre- and post-treatment CD4+ T cell counts were also higher in women than men (P = 0.004 and P = 0.012, respectively). Our data provides important evidence of the sex as a potential predictor of immunological reconstitution in ART-treated individuals.

最近胸腺移出 (RTE) CD4+ T 淋巴细胞中的 Pyroptosis 细胞死亡在 HIV-1 感染中起着重要作用，作为 CD4+ T 细胞耗竭的原因，受多种因素的影响，其中包括性别。因此，本研究的目的是评估在按性别分层的抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 下个体 RTE CD4+ T 淋巴细胞的焦亡水平。招募了 37 名接受 ART 治疗的 HIV 阳性患者（22 名女性和 15 名男性）和 12 名（7 名女性和 5 名男性）临床健康受试者。通过流式细胞术对 RTE CD4+ 细胞（CD4+ CD31+ /荧光标记的半胱天冬酶-Caspase-1+ 抑制剂）进行分析。还从医疗记录中评估了临床和社会人口学方面。我们观察到男性个体（69.3%）的细胞焦亡 RTE CD4+ T 细胞水平高于女性组（39%）。P  = 0.0356）。女性治疗前和治疗后的 CD4+ T 细胞计数也高于男性（分别为P  = 0.004 和P  = 0.012）。我们的数据提供了性别作为接受 ART 治疗个体免疫重建的潜在预测因素的重要证据。