The concept of the Nitrogen (N) cycle has been modified over the years based on certain new pathways, including comammox, anammox, and DNRA (dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium). Comammox, nitrification, anammox, denitrification, DNRA, and nitrogen fixation pathways play key roles in the N cycle in paddy soils. Pesticides and chemical fertilizers’ effects on the N cycle in paddy soils together with the possible manifestation of these newly discovery pathways are the focus of this review. Both chemical fertilizers and pesticides’ overuse affect nitrifying archaea/bacteria and denitrifying and anammox bacteria, while heavy metals affect the nitrification rates in paddy soils. To add extra value to this study, we quantified the comammox amoA single copy gene from the Nitrospira strain ‘Nitrospira inopinata’. This review will help researchers access the latest information on the N cycle, particularly in the light of the most recent discoveries.

多年来，基于某些新途径对氮（N）循环的概念进行了修改，包括comammox，anammox和DNRA（硝酸盐异化还原为铵盐）。稻草土壤中的Comammox，硝化，厌氧氨化，反硝化，DNRA和固氮途径在N循环中起关键作用。农药和化肥对稻田土壤氮循环的影响以及这些新发现途径的可能表现是本文的重点。化肥和农药的过量使用都会影响硝化古细菌/细菌以及反硝化和厌氧细菌，而重金属会影响稻田土壤的硝化率。为了增加这项研究的附加价值，我们从硝化螺菌中定量了comammox amoA单拷贝基因菌株Nitrospira inopinata ' 。这项综述将帮助研究人员获取有关N循环的最新信息，尤其是根据最新发现。