Abstract

The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis) is a carnivorous plant able to synthesize large amounts of phenolic compounds, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and 1,4-naphtoquinones. In this study, the first genetic transformation of D. muscipula tissues is presented. Two wild-type Rhizobium rhizogenes strains (LBA 9402 and ATCC 15834) were suitable vector organisms in the transformation process. Transformation led to the formation of teratoma (transformed shoot) cultures with the bacterial rolB gene incorporated into the plant genome in a single copy. Using high-pressure liquid chromatography, we demonstrated that transgenic plants were characterized by an increased quantity of phenolic compounds, including 1,4-naphtoquinone derivative, plumbagin (up to 106.63 mg × g⁻¹ DW), and phenolic acids (including salicylic, caffeic, and ellagic acid), in comparison to non-transformed plants. Moreover, Rhizobium-mediated transformation highly increased the bactericidal properties of teratoma-derived extracts. The antibacterial properties of transformed plants were increased up to 33% against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli and up to 7% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the first time, we prove the possibility of D. muscipula transformation. Moreover, we propose that transformation may be a valuable tool for enhancing secondary metabolite production in D. muscipula tissue and to increase bactericidal properties against human antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Key points

• Rhizobium-mediated transformation created Dionaea muscipula teratomas.

• Transformed plants had highly increased synthesis of phenolic compounds.

• The MBC value was connected with plumbagin and phenolic acid concentrations.

中文翻译：

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转化后的Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis组织作为具有杀菌特性的生物活性酚类化合物的来源

摘要

金星捕蝇器（Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis）是一种食肉植物，能够合成大量酚类化合物，例如苯丙烷，类黄酮，酚酸和1,4-萘醌。在这项研究中，提出了D. muscipula组织的首次遗传转化。在转化过程中，两种野生型根瘤菌菌株（LBA 9402和ATCC 15834）是合适的载体生物。转化导致细菌杆形成畸胎瘤（转化的芽）培养物B基因以单拷贝形式整合到植物基因组中。使用高压液相色谱法，我们证明了转基因植物的特征在于酚类化合物的量增加，包括1,4-萘醌衍生物，李白蛋白（高达106.63 mg×g ^-1 DW）和酚酸（包括水杨酸，与非转化植物相比）。此外，根瘤菌介导的转化极大地提高了畸胎瘤来源提取物的杀菌性能。转化的植物对金黄色葡萄球菌，粪肠球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌性能提高了33％，对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性能提高了7％铜绿假单胞菌。首次，我们证明了D. muscipula转化的可能性。此外，我们建议转化可能是增强小家蝇组织中次生代谢产物的生产并增加针对人类抗药性细菌的杀菌性能的有价值的工具。

关键点

•根瘤菌介导的转化产生了捕蝇草（Dionaea muscipula teratomas）。

•转化的植物中酚类化合物的合成大大增加。

• MBC值与铅白蛋白和酚酸浓度有关。