Antimicrobial peptides are very primitive innate defense molecules of almost all organisms, from microbes to mammalians and vascular seed-bearing plants. Antimicrobial peptides of plants categorized into cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) and others and most of the antimicrobial peptides belong to CRPs group. These peptides reported showing the great extent of protecting property against bacteria, fungi, viruses, insect, nematode, and another kind of microbes. To develop a resistant plant against pathogenic fungi, there have been several studies executed to understand the efficiency of transgenicity of these antimicrobial peptides. Apart from the intrinsic property of the higher organism for identifying and activating microbial attack defense device, it also involves innate defense mechanism and molecules. In the current review article, apart from the structural and functional characterization of peptides defensin and thionin, we have attempted to provide a succinct overview of the transgenic development of these defense peptides, that are expressed in a constitutive and or over-expressive manner when biotic and abiotic stress inflicted. Transgenic of different peptides show different competence in plants. Most of the transgenic studies made for defensin and thionin revealed the effective transgenic capacity of these peptides. There have been several studies reported successful development of transgenic plants based on peptides defensin and thionin and observed diverse level of resistance-conferring potency in different plants against phytopathogenic fungi. But due to long regulatory process, there has not been marketed any antimicrobial peptides based transgenic plants yet. However, success report state that possibly in near future transgenic plants of AMPs would be released with devoid of harmful effect, with good efficiency, reproducibility, stability, and least production cost.

中文翻译：

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植物肽防御素和硫素的结构、功能和转基因分析：综述

抗菌肽是几乎所有生物的非常原始的先天防御分子，从微生物到哺乳动物和含维管种子的植物。植物抗菌肽分为富含半胱氨酸肽（CRPs）等，大部分抗菌肽属于CRPs组。据报道，这些肽对细菌、真菌、病毒、昆虫、线虫和另一种微生物具有很大程度的保护作用。为了开发抗病原真菌的抗性植物，已经进行了几项研究以了解这些抗微生物肽的转基因效率。除了高等生物识别和激活微生物攻击防御装置的固有特性外，还涉及先天防御机制和分子。在当前的评论文章中，除了肽防御素和硫素的结构和功能特征外，我们还试图简要概述这些防御肽的转基因发育，这些防御肽在受到生物和非生物胁迫时以组成型和/或过度表达的方式表达。不同肽的转基因在植物中表现出不同的能力。大多数针对防御素和硫素的转基因研究揭示了这些肽的有效转基因能力。有几项研究报告了基于肽防御素和硫素的转基因植物的成功开发，并观察到不同植物对植物病原真菌具有不同程度的抗性。但由于监管过程漫长，目前还没有任何基于抗微生物肽的转基因植物上市。