Compliance and low strain hysteresis are of great importance for wearable devices and electronic skins, but it is still a challenge to obtain materials with high compliance, low strain hysteresis and sensing ability for electronic skins. In this work, we have achieved highly compliant and low strain hysteresis sensory electronic skins (SESs) utilizing solution processable hybrid hydrogels. The hybrid hydrogels are constructed by incorporating polyaniline (PANI) into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). By regulating the contents of PVA and PANI, the elastic modulus of the PVA/PANI hybrid hydrogels can be tuned in the range of 15.7–154.4 kPa, which covers the elastic modulus of human soft tissue (≈30 kPa). The PVA/PANI hybrid hydrogels also achieve low strain hysteresis and exhibit outstanding recovery during the cyclic loading–unloading process. In such hydrogels, PANI works as the conductive component and contributes to the conductivity of the hybrid hydrogels (13.3 S m⁻¹). Further investigations reveal that the compliant SESs possess high sensitivity (GF = 4.28), outstanding stability (>1000 cycles) and low response time (250 ms). Because of the fully physically cross-linked structure, the hydrogels in SESs are completely solution processable and can be regenerated. By introducing glycerol into the hybrid hydrogels, the flexibility of SESs can be kept at least for one week and the sensing ability is also well maintained. Finally, we demonstrate that SESs exhibit reliable sensing ability in monitoring representative human movements, such as joint bending and swallowing.

中文翻译：

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基于溶液可加工的混合水凝胶的高顺应性和低应变滞后感觉电子皮肤

柔顺性和低应变滞后性对于可穿戴设备和电子皮肤非常重要，但是获得具有高柔顺性，低应变滞后性和电子皮肤感测能力的材料仍然是一个挑战。在这项工作中，我们利用溶液可加工的混合水凝胶实现了高柔顺性和低应变滞后感觉电子皮肤（SES）。通过将聚苯胺（PANI）掺入聚乙烯醇（PVA）中来构建杂化水凝胶。通过调节PVA和PANI的含量，可以将PVA / PANI杂化水凝胶的弹性模量调整在15.7-154.4 kPa的范围内，涵盖了人体软组织的弹性模量（≈30kPa）。PVA / PANI杂化水凝胶还具有低应变滞后性，并在循环装卸过程中表现出出色的恢复能力。^-1）。进一步的研究表明，顺应性SES具有高灵敏度（GF = 4.28），出色的稳定性（> 1000个循环）和较低的响应时间（250 ms）。由于完全物理交联的结构，SES中的水凝胶完全可以溶液加工并可以再生。通过将甘油引入杂化水凝胶中，SES的柔韧性至少可以保持一周，并且传感能力也得到很好的维持。最后，我们证明了SES在监测代表性的人体运动（例如关节弯曲和吞咽）方面表现出可靠的感知能力。