The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a rich and active arena that is strategically evolved overtime by tumors to promote their survival and dissemination. Over the years, attention has been focused to characterize and identify the tumor-supporting roles and subsequent targeting potentials of TME components. Nevertheless, recapitulating the human TME has proved inherently challenging, leaving much to be explored. In this regard, in vivo model systems like zebrafish, with its optical clarity, ease of genetic manipulation, and high engraftment, have proven to be indispensable for TME modeling and investigation. In this review, we discuss the recent ways by which zebrafish models have lent their utility to provide new insights into the various cellular and molecular mechanisms driving TME dynamics and tumor support. Specifically, we report on innate immune cell interactions, cytokine signaling, metastatic plasticity, and other processes within the metastatic cascade. In addition, we reflect on the arrival of adult zebrafish models and the potential of patient-derived xenografts.

肿瘤微环境（TME）是一个丰富而活跃的竞技场，由肿瘤从战略上随着时间的推移而演变，以促进其生存和传播。多年来，注意力已集中在表征和鉴定肿瘤支持作用以及随后的TME组分靶向潜力上。然而，事实证明，概括人类TME本身具有挑战性，有许多工作有待探索。在这方面，体内斑马鱼等模型系统具有光学清晰度，易于遗传操作和高度植入的优势，已被证明对于TME建模和研究是必不可少的。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了斑马鱼模型借以发挥其效用的最新方法，以提供有关驱动TME动态和肿瘤支持的各种细胞和分子机制的新见解。具体而言，我们报告了先天免疫细胞相互作用，细胞因子信号传导，转移可塑性和转移级联内的其他过程。此外，我们思考了成年斑马鱼模型的到来以及患者衍生异种移植的潜力。