Bone is the most studied tissue in the field of tissue regeneration. Even though it has intrinsic capability to regenerate upon injury, several pathologies and injuries could hamper the highly orchestrated bone formation and resorption process. Bone tissue engineering seeks to mimic the extracellular matrix of the tissue and the different biochemical pathways that lead to successful regeneration. For many years, the use of extrinsic factors (i.e., growth factors and drugs) to modulate these biological processes have been the preferred choice in the field. Even though it has been successful in some instances, this approach presents several drawbacks, such as safety-concerns, short release profile and half-time life of the compounds. On the other hand, the use of inorganic ions has attracted significant attention due to their therapeutic effects, stability and lower biological risks. Biomaterials play a key role in such strategies where they serve as a substrate for the incorporation and release of the ions. In this review, the methodologies used to incorporate ions in biomaterials is presented, highlighting the osteogenic properties of such ions and the roles of biomaterials in controlling their release.

骨是组织再生领域研究最多的组织。尽管它具有受伤后再生的内在能力，但一些病理和损伤可能会阻碍高度协调的骨形成和吸收过程。骨组织工程旨在模拟组织的细胞外基质以及导致成功再生的不同生化途径。多年来，使用外在因素（即生长因子和药物）来调节这些生物过程一直是该领域的首选。尽管在某些情况下取得了成功，但这种方法存在一些缺点，例如安全问题、释放曲线短和化合物的半衰期。另一方面，无机离子的使用因其治疗效果、稳定性和较低的生物风险而引起了极大的关注。生物材料在此类策略中发挥着关键作用，它们充当离子结合和释放的基质。在这篇综述中，介绍了用于将离子掺入生物材料中的方法，强调了此类离子的成骨特性以及生物材料在控制其释放方面的作用。