Production and transport of reactive species through plasma–liquid interactions play a significant role in multiple applications in biomedicine, environment, and agriculture. Experimental investigations of the transport mechanisms of typical air plasma species: hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and ozone (O₃) into water are presented. Solvation of gaseous H₂O₂ and O₃ from an airflow into water bulk vs. electrosprayed microdroplets was measured, while changing the water flow rate and applied voltage, during different treatment times and gas flow rates. The solvation rate of H₂O₂ and O₃ increased with the treatment time and the gas–liquid interface area. The total surface area of the electrosprayed microdroplets was larger than that of the bulk, but their lifetime was much shorter. We estimated that only microdroplets with diameters below ~40 µm could achieve the saturation by O₃ during their lifetime, while the saturation by H₂O₂ was unreachable due to its depletion from air. In addition to the short-lived flying microdroplets, the longer-lived bottom microdroplets substantially contributed to H₂O₂ and O₃ solvation in water electrospray. This study contributes to a better understanding of the gaseous H₂O₂ and O₃ transport into water and will lead to design optimization of the water spray and plasma-liquid interaction systems.

中文翻译：

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与电喷雾气溶胶相比，气态过氧化氢和臭氧向大体积水中的传输

通过血浆-液体相互作用的反应性物质的生产和运输在生物医学，环境和农业的多种应用中起着重要作用。实验研究了典型的空气等离子体物质：过氧化氢（H ₂ O ₂）和臭氧（O ₃）进入水中的传输机理。测量了气态H ₂ O ₂和O ₃在气流中的溶解度与电喷雾微滴的关系，同时改变了水流量和施加电压，在不同的处理时间和气体流量下。H ₂ O ₂和O ₃的溶剂化率随着处理时间和气液界面面积的增加而增加。电喷雾微滴的总表面积大于散装液滴的总表面积，但寿命却短得多。我们估计，只有直径小于约40 µm的微滴在其生命周期内才能达到O ₃的饱和度，而H ₂ O ₂的饱和度由于空气中的消耗而无法达到。除了寿命短的飞行微滴之外，寿命更长的底部微滴基本上有助于水电喷雾中的H ₂ O ₂和O ₃溶剂化。这项研究有助于更好地理解气态H ₂ O ₂和O₃运入水中，将导致喷水和等离子体-液体相互作用系统的设计优化。