The bottleneck of recycling chains for spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is the recovery of valuable metals from the black matter that remains after dismantling and deactivation in pre‑treatment processes, which has to be treated in a subsequent step with pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical methods. In the course of this paper, investigations in a heating microscope were conducted to determine the high-temperature behavior of the cathode materials lithium cobalt oxide (LCO—chem., LiCoO₂) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP—chem., LiFePO₄) from LIB with carbon addition. For the purpose of continuous process development of a novel pyrometallurgical recycling process and adaptation of this to the requirements of the LIB material, two different reactor designs were examined. When treating LCO in an Al₂O₃ crucible, lithium could be removed at a rate of 76% via the gas stream, which is directly and purely available for further processing. In contrast, a removal rate of lithium of up to 97% was achieved in an MgO crucible. In addition, the basic capability of the concept for the treatment of LFP was investigated whereby a phosphorus removal rate of 64% with a simultaneous lithium removal rate of 68% was observed.

中文翻译：

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锂离子电池高温冶金回收新工艺及其在LCO和LFP回收中的应用

废锂离子电池（LIB）回收链的瓶颈是从在预处理过程中拆除和钝化后残留的黑质中回收有价值的金属，必须在随后的步骤中用火法冶金和/或处理湿法冶金方法。在本文的过程中，在加热显微镜下进行了研究，以确定正极材料氧化钴锂（LCO-chem。，LiCoO ₂）和磷酸铁锂（LFP-chem。，LiFePO ₄）的高温行为。），并加入碳。为了不断开发新的火法冶金再循环工艺并使之适应LIB材料的要求，研究了两种不同的反应器设计。在Al ₂ O ₃坩埚中处理LCO时，可以通过气流直接和纯净地将锂以76％的速率除去。相比之下，在MgO坩埚中锂的去除率高达97％。另外，研究了该概念用于处理LFP的基本能力，由此观察到磷去除率为64％，同时锂去除率为68％。