Nature uses extracellular matrix scaffolds to organize biominerals into hierarchical structures over various length scales. This has inspired the design of biomimetic mineralization scaffolds, with DNA nanostructures being among the most promising. DNA nanotechnology makes use of molecular recognition to controllably give 1D, 2D and 3D nanostructures. The control we have over these structures makes them attractive templates for the synthesis of mineralized tissues, such as bones and teeth. In this Review, we first summarize recent work on the crystallization processes and structural features of biominerals on the nanoscale. We then describe self-assembled DNA nanostructures and come to the intersection of these two themes: recent applications of DNA templates in nanoscale biomineralization, a crucial process to regenerate mineralized tissues.

大自然使用细胞外基质支架将生物矿物组织成不同长度尺度的层次结构。这启发了仿生矿化支架的设计，其中 DNA 纳米结构是最有前途的。DNA 纳米技术利用分子识别可控地产生一维、二维和三维纳米结构。我们对这些结构的控制使它们成为合成矿化组织（如骨骼和牙齿）的有吸引力的模板。在这篇综述中，我们首先总结了最近关于纳米级生物矿物的结晶过程和结构特征的工作。然后，我们描述了自组装 DNA 纳米结构，并谈到了这两个主题的交叉点：DNA 模板在纳米级生物矿化中的最新应用，这是再生矿化组织的关键过程。