Humanoid social robots (HSRs) are human-made technologies that can take physical or digital form, resemble people in form or behavior to some degree, and are designed to interact with people. A common assumption is that social robots can and should mimic humans, such that human–robot interaction (HRI) closely resembles human-human (i.e., interpersonal) interaction. Research is often framed from the assumption that rules and theories that apply to interpersonal interaction should apply to HRI (e.g., the computers are social actors framework). Here, we challenge these assumptions and consider more deeply the relevance and applicability of our knowledge about personal relationships to relationships with social robots. First, we describe the typical characteristics of HSRs available to consumers currently, elaborating characteristics relevant to understanding social interactions with robots such as form anthropomorphism and behavioral anthropomorphism. We also consider common social affordances of modern HSRs (persistence, personalization, responsiveness, contingency, and conversational control) and how these align with human capacities and expectations. Next, we present predominant interpersonal theories whose primary claims are foundational to our understanding of human relationship development (social exchange theories, including resource theory, interdependence theory, equity theory, and social penetration theory). We consider whether interpersonal theories are viable frameworks for studying HRI and human–robot relationships given their theoretical assumptions and claims. We conclude by providing suggestions for researchers and designers, including alternatives to equating human–robot relationships to human-human relationships.

中文翻译：

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与人形社交机器人的关系发展：将人际关系理论应用于人机交互

人形社交机器人（HSR）是人为制造的技术，可以采用物理或数字形式，在某种程度上类似于人的形式或行为，并旨在与人互动。一个普遍的假设是，社交机器人可以并且应该模仿人类，从而使人机交互（HRI）与人机交互（即人际交互）极为相似。研究通常基于这样的假设：适用于人际互动的规则和理论应适用于HRI（例如，计算机是社会行为者框架）。在这里，我们挑战这些假设，并更深入地考虑我们关于人际关系的知识与与社交机器人的关系的相关性和适用性。首先，我们描述了当前可供消费者使用的高铁的典型特征，详细阐述与理解与机器人的社交互动有关的特征，例如形式拟人和行为拟人。我们还考虑了现代高铁的共同社会承受能力（持续性，个性化，响应能力，应变性和对话控制能力）以及这些能力如何与人类能力和期望相一致。接下来，我们介绍主要的人际关系理论，这些理论的主要主张是我们对人际关系发展的理解的基础（社会交流理论，包括资源理论，相互依存理论，公平理论和社会渗透理论）。考虑到人际关系理论的理论假设和主张，我们考虑人际关系理论是否是研究HRI和人机关系的可行框架。最后，我们为研究人员和设计师提供了一些建议，