Abstract Although Ottoman cities long have been recognized as sites of significant ethnic and religious heterogeneity, very little scholarship exists that documents or analyzes patterns of residential sorting, be it segregation, the physical separation of groups from each other in the urban landscape, or its opposite, integration. GIS mapping of the Ottoman censuses of Jerusalem illuminates these urban patterns and reveals the importance of scale when considering this question. Even the most “integrated” neighborhood on the aggregate level reveals “segregated” zones of clustering and concentration at the smaller scales of quadrant, street, and building. At the same time, the proximity and exposure of residents to each other reveals how very porous boundaries were in the neighborhood. In order to understand how and why the city developed such a complex spatial pattern, qualitative sources like newspapers, memoirs, and court records are a necessary supplement to demographic records. This approach allows for a comprehensive outlining of the economic, legal, religious, and cultural factors and forces contributing to both segregation and integration in an Ottoman city. It also points to a multidisciplinary reconstruction of the social space of an historic neighborhood.

中文翻译：

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绘制奥斯曼帝国晚期耶路撒冷的城市“混合”和社区间关系：邻里研究

摘要 虽然奥斯曼城市长期以来一直被认为是具有重要种族和宗教异质性的场所，但很少有学术研究记录或分析居住分类的模式，无论是隔离、城市景观中群体之间的物理分离，还是相反的。 ， 一体化。耶路撒冷奥斯曼人口普查的 GIS 制图阐明了这些城市模式，并揭示了在考虑这个问题时规模的重要性。即使是总体水平上最“集成”的社区，也会在象限、街道和建筑物的较小尺度上显示出聚集和集中的“隔离”区域。与此同时，居民彼此之间的接近和接触揭示了邻里边界是多么松散。为了了解这座城市如何以及为何发展出如此复杂的空间格局，报纸、回忆录和法庭记录等定性来源是人口记录的必要补充。这种方法可以全面概述导致奥斯曼城市隔离和融合的经济、法律、宗教和文化因素和力量。它还指向一个历史街区的社会空间的多学科重建。