SUMMARY

Poultry production has gained in importance in South Africa due to its acceptability, consumption and demand across the nation. Poultry products are a major source of protein and an important means of income. This review paper assesses the current status, constraints and intervention of indigenous chickens. Since the inception of the South Africa Poultry Association (SAPA) in the early 1900s, indigenous chicken breeds have taken a significant role in meeting nutritional and economical needs of consumers and poultry farmers. Several studies have shown that indigenous chicken breeds have been widely embraced for breeding programmes with a high survival rate across the country. Indigenous chicken weight at maturity ranges from 2.5 to 3.5 kg depending on breed and these breeds possess different productive traits capacity. In recent years, use of indigenous chicken breeds has advanced from backyard practices to commercial operations. Studies have shown that the genetic capacity of indigenous chicken breeds varies. Naked Neck breed and Potchefstroom Kooekok had 65% and 31.4% level of heterozygosity, respectively, using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite tools. Nevertheless, indigenous poultry are still confronted with some challenges such as unavailability of quality feed ingredients, ineffective marketing strategies, insufficient supply of quality water, disease occurrence and mortality among others. Suggested solutions to these challenges are development of policy that favours the poultry industry and farmers, well-structured supply of feed ingredients, proper housing and intervention of the SAPA.

概要

由于其在全国范围内的可接受性，消费量和需求量，家禽生产在南非已变得越来越重要。家禽产品是蛋白质的主要来源和重要的收入手段。这篇综述文章评估了本土鸡的现状，制约因素和干预措施。自1900年代初期南非家禽协会（SAPA）成立以来，本地鸡肉品种在满足消费者和家禽养殖者的营养和经济需求方面发挥了重要作用。多项研究表明，在全国各地以高成活率进行育种计划已广泛接受了本土鸡种。根据品种的不同，成熟鸡的体重在2.5至3.5公斤之间，这些品种具有不同的生产性状能力。最近几年，本地鸡品种的使用已从后院实践发展为商业运营。研究表明，本土鸡品种的遗传能力各不相同。使用线粒体DNA和微卫星工具，裸颈育种和Potchefstroom Kooekok的杂合度分别为65％和31.4％。尽管如此，本地家禽仍面临一些挑战，例如无法获得优质饲料原料，无效的销售策略，优质水的供应不足，疾病的发生和死亡等。针对这些挑战的建议解决方案是制定有利于家禽业和农民的政策，结构合理的饲料原料供应，适当的住房和SAPA的干预。研究表明，本土鸡品种的遗传能力各不相同。使用线粒体DNA和微卫星工具，裸颈育种和Potchefstroom Kooekok的杂合度分别为65％和31.4％。尽管如此，本地家禽仍面临一些挑战，例如无法获得优质饲料原料，无效的销售策略，优质水的供应不足，疾病的发生和死亡等。针对这些挑战的建议解决方案是制定有利于家禽业和农民的政策，结构合理的饲料原料供应，适当的住房和SAPA的干预。研究表明，本土鸡品种的遗传能力各不相同。使用线粒体DNA和微卫星工具，裸颈育种和Potchefstroom Kooekok的杂合度分别为65％和31.4％。尽管如此，本地家禽仍面临一些挑战，例如无法获得优质饲料原料，无效的销售策略，优质水的供应不足，疾病的发生和死亡等。针对这些挑战的建议解决方案是制定有利于家禽业和农民的政策，结构合理的饲料原料供应，适当的住房和SAPA的干预措施。使用线粒体DNA和微卫星工具。尽管如此，本地家禽仍面临一些挑战，例如无法获得优质饲料原料，无效的销售策略，优质水的供应不足，疾病的发生和死亡等。针对这些挑战的建议解决方案是制定有利于家禽业和农民的政策，结构合理的饲料原料供应，适当的住房和SAPA的干预。使用线粒体DNA和微卫星工具。尽管如此，本地家禽仍面临一些挑战，例如无法获得优质饲料原料，无效的销售策略，优质水的供应不足，疾病的发生和死亡等。针对这些挑战的建议解决方案是制定有利于家禽业和农民的政策，结构合理的饲料原料供应，适当的住房和SAPA的干预。