Multidrug-resistant community-acquired infections caused by the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa are increasingly reported in India and other locations globally. Since this organism is ubiquitous in the environment, samples such as sewage and wastewater are rich reservoirs of P. aeruginosa bacteriophages. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of a novel P. aeruginosa N4-like lytic bacteriophage, vB_Pae_AM.P2 (AM.P2), from wastewater in Kerala, India. AM.P2 is a double-stranded DNA podovirus that efficiently lyses the model strain, PAO1, at a multiplicity of infection as low as 0.1 phage per bacterium and resistance frequency of 6.59 × 10⁻⁴. Synergy in bactericidal activity was observed between AM.P2 and subinhibitory concentrations of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Genome sequencing of AM.P2 revealed features similar to those of the N4-like P. aeruginosa phages LUZ7 and KPP21. As judged by two independent assay methods, spot tests and growth inhibition, AM.P2 successfully inhibited the growth of almost 30% of strains from a contemporary collection of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates from South India. Thus, AM.P2 may represent an intriguing candidate for inclusion in bacteriophage cocktails developed for various applications, including water decontamination and clinical bacteriophage therapy.

中文翻译：

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从印度南部废水源中分离出的一种新型 N4 样噬菌体，对几种多药耐药的临床铜绿假单胞菌分离株具有活性

由机会性人类病原体铜绿假单胞菌引起的耐多药社区获得性感染在印度和全球其他地区的报道越来越多。由于这种生物在环境中无处不在，因此污水和废水等样品是铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体的丰富储存库。在这项研究中，我们报告了从印度喀拉拉邦的废水中分离和表征了一种新型铜绿假单胞菌N4 样裂解噬菌体 vB_Pae_AM.P2 (AM.P2)。AM.P2 是一种双链 DNA 足状病毒，可有效裂解模型株 PAO1，感染复数低至每个细菌 0.1 个噬菌体，耐药频率为 6.59 × 10 ^-4. 在 AM.P2 和抗生素环丙沙星的亚抑制浓度之间观察到杀菌活性的协同作用。AM.P2 的基因组测序揭示了类似于 N4 样铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体 LUZ7 和 KPP21 的特征。根据两种独立的检测方法，即点试验和生长抑制，AM.P2 成功抑制了近 30%来自南印度多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株的生长。因此，AM.P2 可能是一种有趣的候选物，可用于为各种应用开发的噬菌体混合物，包括水净化和临床噬菌体治疗。