Quick decision making under risk is ubiquitous in modern times, yet its consequences are not fully understood. Time pressure might change people's risk preferences, lead to less consistent choices, or change people's decision strategy. With the present work, we make the novel contribution of testing all hypotheses against each other in a unifying hierarchical Bayesian model. In two studies, participants decided repeatedly between two risky gambles either with or without high time pressure. We found a significant increase in risky choices under time pressure. With modeling, we show that time pressure decreased choice consistency but did not systematically affect people's risk preferences. In addition, the number of participants using simple, noncompensatory strategies increased slightly under time pressure. Finally, participants did not systematically choose easier gambles more often under time pressure. Thus, a reliable analysis of the effect of time pressure on preferential choice requires a model framework that allows for the distinction between the various effects time pressure can have.

中文翻译：

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区分时间压力对风险承担的三种影响：选择一致性、风险偏好和策略选择

风险下的快速决策在现代无处不在，但其后果尚未完全了解。时间压力可能会改变人们的风险偏好，导致选择不一致，或者改变人们的决策策略。通过目前的工作，我们做出了在统一分层贝叶斯模型中相互检验所有假设的新贡献。在两项研究中，参与者在有或没有高时间压力的两次冒险赌博之间反复做出决定。我们发现在时间压力下风险选择显着增加。通过建模，我们表明时间压力降低了选择的一致性，但并未系统地影响人们的风险偏好。此外，在时间压力下，使用简单、非补偿策略的参与者数量略有增加。最后，参与者在时间压力下并没有系统地选择更容易的赌博。因此，对时间压力对优先选择的影响的可靠分析需要一个模型框架，该框架允许区分时间压力可能产生的各种影响。