In this study, hydrogel electrolytes (HEs) with the immobilized pair ions (IPIs) were studied for carbon-based supercapacitors. HEs with immobilized cations (ICs), IPIs, and immobilized anions (IAs) were prepared by controlling the mole ratio of [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium via random copolymerization with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. HEs (IC-Na₂SO_4, IPI-Na₂SO_4, IA-Na₂SO_4, and PVA(Polyvinyl alcohol)-Na₂SO₄) was simply prepared by 1 M Na₂SO_4(aq) intake. The ionic conductivities of IC-Na₂SO_4, IPI-Na₂SO_4, IA-Na₂SO_4, 1 M Na₂SO_4(aq), and PVA-Na₂SO₄ were 37.7 mScm⁻¹, 81.6 mScm⁻¹, 62.9 mScm⁻¹, 56.8 mScm⁻¹, and 0.135 mScm⁻¹ at 25 °C via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Based on the dielectric analysis, IPI-Na₂SO₄ with showed the largest dielectric constant was chosen for the supercapacitors test. Carbon-based symmetric supercapacitors (CSSs) were assembled with 1 M Na₂SO_4(aq) (CSS-aq), PVA-Na₂SO₄ (CSS-PVA), and IPI-Na₂SO₄ (CSS-IPI). Electrochemical windows (EWs) of CSS-aq, CSS-PVA, and CSS-IPI were respectively 1.2 V, 1.3 V, and 1.9 V via cyclic voltammetry. The specific capacitances of CSS-aq, CSS-PVA, and CSS-IPI were respectively 125 Fg⁻¹, 71 Fg⁻¹, and 246.2 Fg⁻¹ at current density of 0.5 Ag⁻¹. Since IPI-Na₂SO₄ possesses 1.43 times ionic conductivity and 1.58 times EW of the 1 M Na₂SO_4(aq), it also possessed the remarkable energy density of 121.3 Wh Kg⁻¹ and high power density of 38,424.6 W Kg⁻¹ with 5000 charge/discharge cycles.

在这项研究中，研究了具有固定化成对离子（IPI）的水凝胶电解质（HEs）用于碳基超级电容器。通过随机控制[2-（丙烯酰氧基）乙基]三甲基氯化铵与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基-1-丙烷磺酸钠的摩尔比，制备了具有固定阳离子（ICs），IPIs和固定阴离子（IAs）的HEs与聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯共聚。HEs（IC-Na ₂ SO _4， IPI-Na ₂ SO _4， IA-Na ₂ SO ₄和PVA（聚乙烯醇）-Na ₂ SO ₄）仅通过摄入1 M Na ₂ SO _4（aq）即可制备。IC-Na ₂的离子电导率SO _4， IPI-的Na ₂ SO _4， IA-的Na ₂ SO _4， 1 2M的Na ₂ SO _{4（水溶液）}，和PVA-的Na ₂ SO ₄分别为37.7 MSCM ^-1，81.6 MSCM ^-1，62.9 MSCM ^-1，通过电化学阻抗谱在25℃下为56.8mScm ^-1和0.135mScm ^-1。根据介电分析，选择具有最大介电常数的IPI-Na ₂ SO ₄作为超级电容器测试。碳基对称超级电容器（CSS）与1 M Na ₂ SO组装在一起_4（aq）（CSS-aq），PVA-Na ₂ SO ₄（CSS-PVA）和IPI-Na ₂ SO ₄（CSS-IPI）。通过循环伏安法，CSS-aq，CSS-PVA和CSS-IPI的电化学窗口（EW）分别为1.2 V，1.3 V和1.9V。CSS-AQ，CSS-PVA，和CSS-IPI的比电容分别为125蛋白原^-1，71蛋白原^-1，和246.2蛋白原^-1以0.5的Ag的电流密度^-1。由于IPI-Na ₂ SO ₄具有1 M Na ₂ SO _4（aq）的1.43倍离子电导率和1.58倍EW ，因此它还具有121.3 Wh Kg ^-1的显着能量密度。以及5000次充电/放电循环的38,424.6 W Kg ^-1的高功率密度。