Carbon dioxide and methane emissions are major greenhouse gases contributing to global warming, thus calling for rapid techniques of sequestration. For instance, dry reforming of methane transforms CO₂ and CH₄ into syngas, a mixture of H₂ and CO, yet the reaction catalyst becomes inactivated by carbon formation and metal sintering. Here, we review catalytic systems used for dry reforming of methane. Improved catalysts of high catalytic performance and stability are obtained by selecting the active metal, supporting materials, promoters and preparation techniques. We found a strong correlation between the support morphology, physicochemical properties and catalytic performances. In particular, fibrous structures show optimal metal–support interaction, distribution, particle size, basicity, storage of oxygen space, surface area and porosity, resulting in high performance of anti-coking and anti-sintering.

二氧化碳和甲烷的排放是导致全球变暖的主要温室气体，因此需要采用快速固存技术。例如，甲烷的干重整将CO ₂和CH ₄转化为合成气，即H ₂的混合物和CO，但是反应催化剂由于碳的形成和金属的烧结而失活。在这里，我们回顾了用于甲烷干重整的催化系统。通过选择活性金属，载体材料，助催化剂和制备技术，可以获得具有高催化性能和稳定性的改进催化剂。我们发现载体的形态，理化性质和催化性能之间有很强的相关性。特别是，纤维状结构表现出最佳的金属-载体相互作用，分布，粒径，碱度，氧空间存储，表面积和孔隙率，从而实现了抗结焦和抗烧结的高性能。