Dwindling fossil fuels and improper waste management are major challenges in the context of increasing population and industrialization, calling for new waste-to-energy sources. For instance, refuse-derived fuels can be produced from transformation of municipal solid waste, which is forecasted to reach 2.6 billion metric tonnes in 2030. Gasification is a thermal-induced chemical reaction that produces gaseous fuel such as hydrogen and syngas. Here, we review refuse-derived fuel gasification with focus on practices in various countries, recent progress in gasification, gasification modelling and economic analysis. We found that some countries that replace coal by refuse-derived fuel reduce CO₂ emission by 40%, and decrease the amount municipal solid waste being sent to landfill by more than 50%. The production cost of energy via refuse-derived fuel gasification is estimated at 0.05 USD/kWh. Co-gasification by using two feedstocks appears more beneficial over conventional gasification in terms of minimum tar formation and improved process efficiency.

在人口增长和工业化的背景下，化石燃料的减少和废物管理不当是主要挑战，需要新的废物能源。例如，垃圾衍生燃料可以通过城市固体废物的转化来生产，预计到 2030 年将达到 26 亿公吨。气化是一种热诱导的化学反应，可产生氢气和合成气等气体燃料。在这里，我们回顾了垃圾衍生燃料气化，重点关注各国的实践、气化的最新进展、气化建模和经济分析。我们发现，一些使用垃圾衍生燃料替代煤炭的国家减少了 CO ₂排放量减少40%，城市生活垃圾填埋量减少50%以上。通过垃圾衍生燃料气化的能源生产成本估计为 0.05 美元/千瓦时。在减少焦油形成和提高工艺效率方面，使用两种原料的共气化似乎比传统气化更有利。