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Coupling Mesoscale Budget Components to Large-Eddy Simulations for Wind-Energy Applications
Boundary-Layer Meteorology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 , DOI: 10.1007/s10546-020-00584-z
Caroline Draxl , Dries Allaerts , Eliot Quon , Matt Churchfield

To simulate the airflow through a wind farm across a wide range of atmospheric conditions, microscale models (e.g., large-eddy simulation, LES, models) have to be coupled with mesoscale models, because microscale models lack the atmospheric physical processes to represent time-varying local forcing. Here we couple mesoscale model outputs to a LES solver by applying mesoscale momentum- and temperature-budget components from the Weather Research and Forecasting model to the governing equations of the Simulator fOr Wind Farm Applications model. We test whether averaging the budget components affects the LES results with regard to quantities of interest to wind energy. Our study focuses on flat terrain during a quiescent diurnal cycle. The simulation results are compared with observations from a 200-m tall meteorological tower and a wind-profiling radar, by analyzing time series, profiles, rotor-averaged quantities, and spectra. While results show that averaging reduces the spatio-temporal variability of the mesoscale momentum-budget components, when coupled with the LES model, the mesoscale bias (in comparison with observations of wind speed and direction, and potential temperature) is not reduced. In contrast, the LES technique can correct for shear and veer. In both cases, however, averaging the budget components shows no significant impact on the mean flow quantities in the microscale and is not necessary when coupling mesocale budget components to the LES model.

中文翻译:

将中尺度预算分量与风能应用的大涡模拟耦合

为了在各种大气条件下模拟通过风电场的气流,微尺度模型(例如大涡模拟、LES、模型)必须与中尺度模型结合使用,因为微尺度模型缺乏大气物理过程来表示时间-不同的局部强迫。在这里,我们通过将 Weather Research and Forecasting 模型中的中尺度动量和温度预算组件应用于 Simulator for Wind Farm Applications 模型的控制方程,将中尺度模型输出耦合到 LES 求解器。我们测试平均预算成分是否会影响 LES 结果与风能相关数量。我们的研究侧重于静止的昼夜循环期间的平坦地形。通过分析时间序列、剖面、转子平均量和光谱,将模拟结果与来自 200 米高气象塔和风廓线雷达的观测结果进行比较。虽然结果表明平均减少了中尺度动量预算分量的时空变异性,但当与 LES 模型结合使用时,中尺度偏差(与风速和风向以及潜在温度的观测值相比)并未减少。相比之下,LES 技术可以校正剪切和转向。然而,在这两种情况下,平均预算分量对微尺度中的平均流量没有显着影响,并且在将中尺度预算分量耦合到 LES 模型时没有必要。虽然结果表明平均减少了中尺度动量预算分量的时空变异性,但当与 LES 模型结合使用时,中尺度偏差(与风速和风向以及潜在温度的观测值相比)并未减少。相比之下,LES 技术可以校正剪切和转向。然而,在这两种情况下,平均预算分量对微尺度中的平均流量没有显着影响,并且在将中尺度预算分量耦合到 LES 模型时没有必要。虽然结果表明平均减少了中尺度动量预算分量的时空变异性,但当与 LES 模型结合使用时,中尺度偏差(与风速和风向以及潜在温度的观测值相比)并未减少。相比之下,LES 技术可以校正剪切和转向。然而,在这两种情况下,平均预算分量对微尺度中的平均流量没有显着影响,并且在将中尺度预算分量耦合到 LES 模型时没有必要。
更新日期:2021-01-14
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