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Physico-chemical characteristics and therapeutic potential of Chutrun thermal springs in Shigar Valley, Gilgit-Baltistan (Pakistan)
Applied Water Science ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 , DOI: 10.1007/s13201-020-01354-5
Naima Farhat , Shabbir Hussain , Foqia Faisal , Iqra Batool , Mafia Noreen

Current studies were performed to evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics and therapeutic potential of Chutrun thermal springs located in the North-west of Shigar Valley, Gilgit-Baltistan (Pakistan). Thermal springs with different mineral contents have been used by people for bathing and health purposes since old timings. The mineral water of these springs contains elements like sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium as chlorides, fluorides, sulphates, phosphates and bicarbonates which may be responsible for cure of various diseases. Chutrun hot springs have 7.21–7.8 pH, 40–42° C Temperature, 300–310 ppm TDS, 3.1–6.7 ppm DO, 278–285 ppm hardness, 1.62–2.42 ppm turbidity, 250–260 ppm alkalinity, 500–516 ppm conductivity, 12–18 ppm sodium, 3.8–4.1 ppm potassium, 80–82 ppm calcium, 20 ppm magnesium, 9.6–12 ppm chlorides, 3.4–3.9 fluorides, 260–282 bicarbonates and 80–85 ppm sulphates. Absence of E.Coli and faecal coliforms indicated that waters from thermal springs are free from organic wastes contaminations. Water from thermal springs of Chutrun was unsuitable for drinking purposes due to the presence of high fluoride content and also small amount of total coliforms which may be due to the presence of environmental bacteria and non-protective measures during sampling but it was found suitable for bathing and other body contact activities.



中文翻译:

吉尔吉特-巴尔的斯坦(巴基斯坦)希格河谷楚特伦温泉的理化特征和治疗潜力

进行了当前的研究,以评估位于吉尔吉特-巴尔的斯坦(巴基斯坦)希格河谷西北部的楚特伦温泉的理化特性和治疗潜力。从古老的时代开始,人们就将具有不同矿物质含量的温泉用于沐浴和保健目的。这些温泉的矿泉水中含有钠,钾,钙,镁等氯化物,氟化物,硫酸盐,磷酸盐和碳酸氢盐等元素,可能会治愈各种疾病。Chutrun温泉的pH为7.21–7.8,温度为40–42°C,TDS为300–310 ppm,溶解度为3.1–6.7 ppm,硬度为278–285 ppm,浊度为1.62–2.42 ppm,碱度为250–260 ppm,500–516 ppm电导率,钠12–18 ppm,钾3.8–4.1 ppm,钙80–82 ppm,镁20 ppm,氯化物9.6–12 ppm,氟化物3.4–3.9,260-282个碳酸氢盐和80-85 ppm的硫酸盐。缺席大肠杆菌和粪大肠菌群表明,温泉水没有有机废物污染。来自Chutrun温泉的水不适合饮用,原因是氟化物含量高,而且总大肠菌群的数量少,这可能是由于采样过程中存在环境细菌和非保护性措施引起的,但发现它适合洗澡和其他身体接触活动。

更新日期:2021-01-14
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