ABSTRACT

Paying close attention to news users has become fully integrated in professional journalism. Even though this practice may still meet with resistance, becoming more audience responsive is no longer automatically condemned as the highway to popularization and sensationalism. What has changed in journalism’s ecosystem to account for this turnaround? This paper explains how journalists' attitude towards audiences changed from keeping them at a distance to constantly monitoring their movements. It is based on longitudinal participatory observation of key moments (editorial meetings, public debates) in Dutch journalism, as well as on informal talks and formal interviews with more than one hundred journalists and editors during the last twenty years. It traces four tipping points between 1995 and 2020 regarding the audience turn in commercial news and public service journalism: (1) Quality news as “not having to reckon with your audience”. (2) Increasing professional awareness of “informed citizenship” as quality journalism’s remit; (3) digitalization of journalism; and (4) increasing relevance of “audience engagement”. Ann Swidler’s concept of “anchoring practice” (2001) will be used as a lens to understand the gradual shift from quality discourse to innovation discourse as anchoring practices in journalism and journalism studies.

摘要

密切关注新闻用户已完全融入专业新闻界。即使这种做法可能仍会遇到阻力，但越来越多的观众响应已不再被自动谴责为普及和轰动主义的道路。新闻业生态系统发生了哪些变化以说明这一转变？本文解释了记者对听众的态度是如何从与观众保持距离到不断监视他们的动作的。它基于对荷兰新闻业中关键时刻的纵向参与性观察（编辑会议，公开辩论），以及过去二十年来对一百多名新闻工作者和编辑的非正式谈话和正式采访。它追踪了1995年至2020年之间有关商业新闻和公共服务新闻的受众转向的四个转折点：（1）质量新闻为“不必与听众眼球”。（2）提高专业人士对“知情公民”作为优质新闻工作的认识；（3）新闻数字化；（4）增加“受众参与”的相关性。安·斯威德勒（Ann Swidler）的“锚定实践”（anchoring实践）概念（2001年）将作为一个镜头来理解从质量话语到创新话语在新闻学和新闻学研究中作为锚定实践的逐渐转变。（4）增加“受众参与”的相关性。安·斯威德勒（Ann Swidler）的“锚定实践”（anchoring实践）概念（2001年）将作为一个镜头来理解从质量话语到创新话语在新闻学和新闻学研究中作为锚定实践的逐渐转变。（4）增加“受众参与”的相关性。安·斯威德勒（Ann Swidler）的“锚定实践”（anchoring实践）概念（2001年）将作为一个镜头来理解从质量话语到创新话语在新闻学和新闻学研究中作为锚定实践的逐渐转变。