The nature of secularization is of enduring interest in the social science of religion. Numerous recent papers have established downward cohort trends as characterizing religious change. We examine potential mechanisms by assessing cultural participation and secular engagement during the formative period of one cohort. We provide estimates of active and nominal religiosity, nonreligion and religious belief for those born between 1933 and 1942, using multiple surveys fielded between 1957 and 2018. We model the association between religiosity and secular cultural and social participation for this cohort in 1957, then examine how cultural socialization in childhood relates to religiosity in their later adulthood using surveys fielded between 2005 and 2007. Increased secular competition is found to be associated with less active religiosity. These trends were underpinned by an ethic of increasing autonomy for the young. We conclude by affirming the link between increasing secular competition, long‐run modernization, and changing cultural socialization.

中文翻译：

---

宗教，世俗参与和文化社会化：以1933–1942年城市英语群体为例

世俗化的性质在宗教社会科学中引起了持久的兴趣。最近的许多论文都建立了反映宗教变化特征的队列下降趋势。我们通过评估一个队列形成阶段的文化参与和世俗参与来研究潜在的机制。我们使用1957年至2018年之间进行的多项调查，提供了1933年至1942年之间出生的人的活跃和名义宗教，非宗教和宗教信仰的估计。我们对该群体在1957年的宗教信仰与世俗文化和社会参与之间的关联进行建模，然后研究使用2005年至2007年间进行的调查，发现儿童期的文化社会化与成年后的宗教信仰之间的关系。世俗竞争的加剧与宗教活动的减少有关。这些趋势是由年轻人自主能力增强的道德观念所支撑的。最后，我们确认世俗竞争的加剧，长期现代化和文化社会化的变化之间的联系。