This article assesses, for the first time, the significance for German conceptual history of the sociologist, philosopher, and conservative political theorist Hans Freyer. Freyer theorized historical structures as products of political activity, emphasized the presence of several historical layers in each moment, and underscored the need to read concepts with regard to accumulated structures. He thus significantly influenced not only German structural history but also conceptual history emerging from it in the work of Otto Brunner, Werner Conze, and, most notably, Reinhart Koselleck, whose theories of temporal layers in history and concepts reworked the Freyerian starting points. Underscoring the openness and plurality of history, criticizing its false “plannability,” and reading world history as European history writ large, Freyer shaped the politically oriented theory of history behind Koselleckian Begriffsgeschichte. Further, Freyer theorized the eighteenth‐ and nineteenth‐century transition to industrial society as a historical rupture or “epochal threshold,” which bears close, and by no means coincidental, similarity to Koselleck's saddle‐time thesis (Sattelzeit). Freyer's theory of history sheds light on the interrelations of many Koselleckian key ideas, including temporal layers, the contemporaneity of the noncontemporaneous, the plannability of history, and the Sattelzeit.

中文翻译：

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从历史结构到时间层面：汉斯·弗莱尔和概念史

本文首次评估了德国的社会学家，哲学家和保守派政治理论家汉斯·弗赖尔（Hans Freyer）的概念史意义。弗赖尔将历史结构理论化为政治活动的产物，强调每时每刻都有几个历史层面的存在，并强调有必要阅读有关累积结构的概念。因此，他不仅影响了德国的结构历史，而且还影响了奥托·布伦纳，维尔纳·康泽以及他的时任层理论和概念的历史学家雷因哈特·科塞莱克（Reinhart Koselleck）的工作中产生的概念历史，这些理论和概念重塑了弗赖耶尔的起点。强调历史的开放性和多元性，批评其虚假的“可规划性”，并在欧洲历史广博的时候读世界历史，Begriffsgeschichte。此外，弗赖耶（Freyer）将18世纪和19世纪向工业社会的转变理论化为历史破裂或“时代门槛”，这与科塞莱克的马鞍时代理论（Sattelzeit）有着紧密的联系，绝非巧合。弗赖尔的历史理论阐明了许多科塞莱克主义关键思想的相互关系，包括时间层面，非当代的当代性，历史的可计划性以及卫星。