This article intends to place Hayden White's reflection on the basic principles of meaning‐construction in history into the historical context of modern historical studies. It first presents the self‐understanding of professional historians in which they emphasize the academic (wissenschaftlichen) character of the discipline. In this way of reflection, the traditional (premodern) interpretation of history as a part of rhetoric was pushed back and replaced by methodological argumentation about the rules of research (with an emphasis on source critique). Historiography, or the presentation of the results of research in a narrative form, was not completely neglected, but was not widely recognized. After the analytical insight into the narrative form of historical knowledge, significant discussion of the principles of historical thinking dramatically changed from the issue of research to that of representation (historiography).

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历史理论的一个转折点：海顿白在历史学的地位

本文旨在将海顿·怀特（Hayden White）对历史意义建构的基本原理的反思置于现代历史研究的历史语境中。它首先展示了专业历史学家的自我理解，其中强调了学术史（wissenschaftlichen）学科的特征。通过这种反思方式，对历史作为修辞学一部分的传统（前现代）解释被推后，由关于研究规则的方法论论证所取代（着重于源批评）。史学或叙述性研究结果的介绍并没有被完全忽略，但并未得到广泛认可。在对历史知识的叙述形式进行了分析性洞察之后，对历史思维原理的重要讨论从研究问题变成了代表论（历史学）。