The increasing use of qualitative methodologies to explore experiences of child sexual abuse (CSA) disclosure has led to the need to synthesise these findings. Recent reviews have tended to focus on the barriers to disclosure more than the facilitators or to conflate findings from studies of adults and studies of children and adolescents. This paper focuses on a qualitative meta‐analysis of studies conducted in the past 20 years (1998–2018) that addresses the question of what helps children disclose experiences of CSA. An analysis of 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria suggests that six key themes are important facilitators of disclosure: access to someone you can trust; realising it's not normal; inability to cope with emotional distress; wanting something to be done about it; expecting to be believed; and being asked. These can be conceptualised as representing two key dynamics that help children tell: needing to tell (pressure cooker effect), and opportunity to tell. Professionals and carers can facilitate the process of disclosure through building trusting relationships with children, recognising their distress and initiating conversations with children about their wellbeing.

中文翻译：

---

有什么帮助孩子们讲的？儿童性虐待披露的定性荟萃分析

定性方法越来越多地用于探索儿童性虐待（CSA）披露的经验，导致需要综合这些发现。最近的审查倾向于将重点放在信息披露的障碍上，而不是促进者，或者将成人研究以及对儿童和青少年研究的发现混为一谈。本文着重于对过去20年（1998-2018年）进行的研究进行定性荟萃分析，该研究解决了什么能帮助儿童揭示CSA经验的问题。对符合入选标准的20项研究进行的分析表明，六个关键主题是促进信息披露的重要因素：与您信任的人接触；意识到这是不正常的；无法应付情绪困扰；希望对此有所作为；期望被相信；被问到 可以将这些概念化为代表两个有助于儿童讲述的关键动态：需要讲述（压力锅效果）和发表机会。专业人士和护理人员可以通过建立与孩子的信任关系，认识他们的苦恼并与孩子进行有关其健康的对话，来促进信息披露的过程。