Humans have successfully inhabited every continent on this planet. Our ability to survive and thrive in such a wide range of environments is fascinating, particularly from an energetic perspective. As knowledge of human total energy expenditure (TEE, kcal day⁻¹) has deepened, so too has the ability to interpret observable patterns in human metabolic physiology and apply these interpretations to our evolutionary history. This review examines the basic components of human TEE as well as the interactions among these components. This is followed by a discussion of two recent theories regarding limits on the amount of calories used and how those limits may mediate life‐history variables. Finally, this review provides a look ahead into the lesser explored areas of human TEE, suggesting future areas of research. The ability to measure how much energy humans expend and how they allocate that energy is a powerful tool that enables anthropologists to understand not only our past but also our present. [energy expenditure, thermoregulation, life history]

中文翻译：

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人类学及其他领域的人类能源支出

人类已经成功地居住在这个星球上的每个大陆。我们在如此广泛的环境中生存和发展的能力令人着迷，特别是从精力充沛的角度来看。作为人类总能源消耗的知识（TEE，大卡日^-1）已加深，因此也有能力解释人类新陈代谢生理学中的可观察模式并将这些解释应用于我们的进化历史。本文回顾了人类TEE的基本组成部分以及这些组成部分之间的相互作用。接下来是对两种最新理论的讨论，这些理论涉及所使用卡路里的限制以及这些限制如何介导生活史变量。最后，这篇综述提供了对人类TEE较少探索领域的展望，并提出了未来的研究领域。测量人类消耗多少能量以及他们如何分配能量的能力是使人类学家不仅了解我们过去而且了解我们现在的强大工具。[能量消耗，温度调节，生活史]