Technology has ushered in a new era of intelligence-led and ‘big data’ policing, and police gang databases are part of this paradigmatic shift. In recent years, however, gang databases have come under intense public scrutiny. For example, Amnesty International and others argue that London’s Gangs Matrix is discriminatory and violates data-protection laws. This article draws on evidence and examples from a wide range of sources – gang legislation, surveys of young people, police gang records and research on gangs – to put the Matrix controversy into broader context, and to adjudicate between common validity and civil liberties critiques of gang databases.

中文翻译：

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上下文中的矩阵：盘点伦敦及其他地区的警察帮派数据库

技术开启了以情报为主导和“大数据”警务的新时代，而警察帮派数据库就是这种范式转变的一部分。然而，近年来，帮派数据库受到了公众的严格审查。例如，国际特赦组织和其他组织认为伦敦的黑帮矩阵具有歧视性并违反了数据保护法。本文利用来自广泛来源的证据和例子——帮派立法、年轻人调查、警察帮派记录和对帮派的研究——将 Matrix 争议置于更广泛的背景下，并在普遍有效性和公民自由批评之间做出裁决帮派数据库。