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The End of Americanization? or Reinventing a Research Field for Historians of Europe
The Journal of Modern History ( IF 0.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1086/710111
Richard F. Kuisel

The Americanization of Europe has been an elusive and controversial topic for historians because it poses questions of definition, causation, development, and significance. This essay addresses these issues, reviews the historiographical record, reassesses the current paradigm, and presents an agenda for future research. A revitalized paradigm theorizes Americanization as a disruptive force on European society and culture rather than a process of benign appropriation or trivial imitation. It incorporates American corporate and political power limiting local agency, treats transatlantic exchange at multiple levels while retaining the filter of the national, and maintains that the process, rather than coming to an end, has become the new norm. I also argue that Americanization functioned as a stimulus and foil for self-assessment that illuminates basic concerns of Europeans. Most important, the phenomenon of Americanization represents the American phase of European globalization, identifying America’s contribution to the interconnection and homogenization of the transatlantic community but also exposing resistance to transnationalism. Anti-Americanism, the twentieth-century opposition to Americanization, anticipated current challenges to globalization. My aim is to rescue this topic from critics who have disparaged it and to (re)establish it as a viable field of historical research. For Europeans, the twentieth century was the American century.

中文翻译:

美国化的终结?或为欧洲历史学家重新创建一个研究领域

对于历史学家来说,欧洲的美国化一直是一个难以捉摸和有争议的话题,因为它提出了定义、因果关系、发展和重要性的问题。本文解决了这些问题,回顾了史学记录,重新评估了当前的范式,并提出了未来研究的议程。复兴的范式将美国化理论化为对欧洲社会和文化的破坏性力量,而不是良性挪用或琐碎模仿的过程。它结合了限制地方机构的美国企业和政治权力,在保留国家过滤器的同时在多个层面处理跨大西洋交易,并坚持认为这一过程而不是结束,已成为新的规范。我还认为,美国化对阐明欧洲人基本关切的自我评估起到了刺激和衬托的作用。最重要的是,美国化现象代表了欧洲全球化的美国阶段,表明美国对跨大西洋社区的相互联系和同质化的贡献,但也暴露了对跨国主义的抵制。20 世纪反对美国化的反美主义预见了当前全球化面临的挑战。我的目标是从贬低它的批评者手中拯救这个话题,并将它(重新)确立为一个可行的历史研究领域。对于欧洲人来说,二十世纪是美国的世纪。确定美国对跨大西洋社区的相互联系和同质化的贡献,但也暴露了对跨国主义的抵制。20 世纪反对美国化的反美主义预见了当前全球化面临的挑战。我的目标是从贬低它的批评者手中拯救这个话题,并将它(重新)确立为一个可行的历史研究领域。对于欧洲人来说,二十世纪是美国的世纪。确定美国对跨大西洋社区的相互联系和同质化的贡献,但也暴露了对跨国主义的抵制。20 世纪反对美国化的反美主义预见了当前全球化面临的挑战。我的目标是从贬低它的批评者手中拯救这个话题,并将它(重新)确立为一个可行的历史研究领域。对于欧洲人来说,二十世纪是美国的世纪。我的目标是从贬低它的批评者手中拯救这个话题,并将它(重新)确立为一个可行的历史研究领域。对于欧洲人来说,二十世纪是美国的世纪。我的目标是从贬低它的批评者手中拯救这个话题,并将它(重新)确立为一个可行的历史研究领域。对于欧洲人来说,二十世纪是美国的世纪。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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