Over the last four years, the Journal of Modern History has published a series of historiographical reviews about the First World War. Each piece has centered on one of the main belligerents: Austria, Germany, Russia, France, the Ottoman Empire, and Great Britain. It makes eminent sense to review the historiography of the war, and indeed its history, within such national frameworks; after all, the war was fought by nations (albeit many of these protagonists were in fact empires, a point I will return to below), and almost all of the principal belligerents still exist as independent states today. The Great War had lasting effects on all of them, be it because of its length, the masses of people and resources involved, the enormously high death rates, or the implications of victory and defeat for regimes, peoples, and borders. Indeed, the war was a turning point in the histories

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意大利战争？第一次世界大战意大利史学中的战争与民族

在过去四年中，《现代历史杂志》发表了一系列关于第一次世界大战的史学评论。每件作品都以主要交战国之一为中心：奥地利、德国、俄罗斯、法国、奥斯曼帝国和英国。在这样的国家框架内回顾战争的历史编纂，实际上是它的历史，是非常有意义的；毕竟，战争是由国家发动的（尽管其中许多主角实际上是帝国，我将在下面讨论这一点），而且几乎所有主要交战国今天仍然作为独立国家存在。大战对所有人都产生了持久的影响，无论是因为它的长度、涉及的大量人员和资源、极高的死亡率，还是由于胜利和失败对政权、人民和边界的影响。确实，