Abstract: In 1096 a series of dengaku performances, consisting of boisterous music and dance that originated in rural rice-planting rites, erupted in the Heian capital. Courtier reactions varied: some predicted the downfall of the realm while others joined the festivities, but all agreed it was an extraordinary phenomenon. Scholars have often viewed the event as a popular movement that succeeded, or failed, in occupying elite spaces in the capital and changing the trajectory of performance history. This article instead argues that dengaku created charged spaces of transgression in which social identities and cultural forms were negotiated.

中文翻译：

---

作为犯罪的民间表演：1096年的大天乐

摘要：1096年，平安京城爆发了起源于农村种稻仪式的由喧闹的音乐和舞蹈组成的一系列电乐表演。朝臣们的反应各不相同：有些人预言了王国的衰落，而有些人则加入了庆祝活动，但所有人都同意这是一个非凡的现象。学者们经常将这一事件视为一场流行运动，它成功或失败地占领了首都的精英空间并改变了表演历史的轨迹。相反，这篇文章认为，dengaku 创造了充满冲突的空间，在其中协商社会身份和文化形式。