Interdependence altered power relations between the European great powers between 1871 and 1914 in ways that both sustained the conditions for peace and, after 1911, made a European war more likely. Interdependence accelerated the development of international financial and commercial networks. Transnational social and cultural exchanges raised the costs of a general war, offered multiple channels for states and societies to exercise influence over each other, and altered power relations. The great powers pursued their interests through not only military force but also trade deals, financial loans, expert missions (teams sent to smaller states ostensibly to aid in modernization), and cultural diplomacy. They competed for influence in smaller states. Many of the crises that pockmarked this era derived from their contested interests in such strategically vital areas in Europe as the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire, and the Low Countries, as well as elsewhere in the world. States that lost out in this transformation, notably Austria-Hungary and Russia, saw the militarization of their foreign policies as a way to compensate for weaknesses in other forms of power.

中文翻译：

---

重新思考相互依存世界中的权力政治，1871-1914年

相互依存在1871年至1914年间改变了欧洲大国之间的权力关系，既维持了和平的条件，又在1911年以后使欧洲战争的可能性更大。相互依存加快了国际金融和商业网络的发展。跨国社会和文化交流增加了一场全面战争的代价，为国家和社会提供了相互影响的多种渠道，并改变了权力关系。大国不仅通过军事力量，而且通过贸易协议，金融贷款，专家团（表面上派往较小国家以帮助现代化的团队）和文化外交来追求自己的利益。他们在较小的州竞争影响力。使这一时代成为现实的许多危机源于它们在欧洲等战略性重要地区的利益争夺，这些地区在巴尔干半岛，奥斯曼帝国，低地国家以及世界其他地方。在这一转变中失败的国家，尤其是奥地利-匈牙利和俄罗斯，将其外交政策军事化视为弥补其他形式权力弱点的一种方式。