Community advocates for land rights justice in post-reformasi Indonesia frame their claims in terms of either indigenous (adat) rights or agrarian justice discourses. This study considers how these framings function, how effectively they support land rights struggles, and how they advance justice claims. The article provides analytical insights by comparing two conflicts involving communities and large-scale forest plantation companies in Sumatra. It finds that, where democratisation has opened up political space, agrarian justice framing provides a more effective basis for mobilising a wider coalition of actors in heterogeneous contexts and can provide political leverage in such conflicts. While recent changes have widened the legal space for indigenous (adat) rights within de jure ‘state forests’, the customary framing needs to fit community claims into the restricted, bureaucratised adat concept found in state laws and, in diverse rural contexts, may provide a limited vehicle for social mobilisation. Irrespective of the framing, unless effective mobilisation and legal reform can provide legal and political empowerment, political, institutional and structural barriers will continue to generate truncated agreements in conflict negotiations that potentially cement the exclusion and marginalisation of local communities from land access and control.

中文翻译：

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印度尼西亚林地冲突中的土著权利和土地司法框架

改革后的印度尼西亚，土地权利正义的社区倡导者以土著（自卫）权利或农业正义的话语来主张自己的主张。这项研究考虑了这些框架如何发挥作用，它们如何有效地支持土地权利斗争，以及它们如何促进正义主张。本文通过比较涉及苏门答腊岛社区和大型造林公司的两个冲突，提供了分析见解。研究发现，在民主化开放了政治空间的地方，农业司法框架为在不同背景下动员更广泛的行动者联盟提供了更有效的基础，并且可以在此类冲突中提供政治影响力。尽管最近发生的变化扩大了法律上“国家森林”内土著（自适应）权利的法律空间，习惯框架需要使社区主张适应州法律中限制的，官僚化的adat概念，并且在不同的农村环境下，可能为社会动员提供有限的工具。不管框架如何，除非有效的动员和法律改革能够提供法律和政治权力，否则政治，体制和结构性障碍将继续在冲突谈判中产生被截断的协议，从而有可能巩固地方社区在土地获取和控制中的排斥和边缘化。