The contemporary roles and relations of men in the nation of Timor-Leste (East Timor) are explored in this article, focusing on the construction of a hegemonic militarised masculinity in the post-conflict period. This construct is a cornerstone of contemporary society established during the twenty-four-year resistance to Indonesian occupation (1975–99) and the establishment of the new nation in 2002. Unsurprisingly, this society affords superior relations of power and privilege to the veterans and heroes who fought and suffered as part of the nationalist armed struggle for independence. This privileged, essentially male elite now reproduce relations of power that dominate less powerful men, women, and their respective concerns in the new state. While the most obvious negative impact of this social structure is the conflict between the male elites that led to violent conflict in 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2015, the development implications include growing inequality in the new society. Living with rigid gender roles and expectations causes health and psychological problems for many Timorese across the gender spectrum. Local programs exist to combat these challenges but the women’s movement and its allies require much more assistance and solidarity to effectively challenge the status quo.

中文翻译：

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退伍军人与英雄：东帝汶的军事精英

本文探讨了东帝汶（东帝汶）国家中男性的当代角色和关系，重点是在冲突后时期建设霸权军事化的男性气概。这种构架是当代社会在印度尼西亚抵抗​​二十四年（1975-99年）和2002年新国家成立期间建立的基石。毫不奇怪，这个社会为退伍军人和老将提供了优越的权力和特权关系。作为民族主义争取独立的武装斗争的一部分而遭受苦难的英雄。这位特权阶层，本质上是男性精英阶层现在再现了在新状态下支配着实力较弱的男人，女人及其各自关切的权力关系。这种社会结构最明显的负面影响是男性精英之间的冲突，导致了2004年，2006年，2008年和2015年的暴力冲突，但发展的影响包括新社会中日益严重的不平等现象。严格的性别角色和期望生活会给跨性别领域的许多帝汶人造成健康和心理问题。存在应对这些挑战的地方方案，但是妇女运动及其盟友需要更多的援助和团结才能有效挑战现状。