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Shit in Developing Cities: A World of Ill Health, Indignity, Violence, and Death
South Atlantic Quarterly ( IF 1.763 ) Pub Date : 2016-09-30 , DOI: 10.1215/00382876-3656169
Ben Fawcett

Most readers of this article will be able to “flush and forget” their bodily waste, conveniently and hygienically, at any time, almost wherever they are. However, this is far from the case for a huge proportion of the global population. About one in every three of us do not have access to an effective toilet— one that satisfactorily separates us and everybody else from our potentially disease-carrying feces—within or near our home, our workplace, or our school. This lack of access has dire impacts on lives and livelihoods. Data from the United Nations Children’s Fund and the World Health Organization (2015), which have been monitoring worldwide water supplies and sanitation, show that, in 2015, 32 percent of the global population—2.34 billion people—did not have access to an “improved” toilet. The data also indicate that 950 million women, men, and children do not even have use of a dirty, unsafe latrine; they are obliged to resort to open defecation, on beaches, on riverbanks, on railway lines, in the fields or forests, or using plastic bags, which are then disposed of at random. Of the world’s open defecators, 560 million live in India. The proportion of people with access to an adequate toilet is reported to be much greater in towns and cities of the world than in rural villages. However, the forty-eight countries classified as “least developed” by the United Nations had only an average of 47 percent toilet coverage in their towns and cities in 2015. Urban population growth is currently very rapid and likely to remain so, particularly compared with slowing growth in rural

中文翻译:

发展中城市的烂摊子:一个充满疾病、侮辱、暴力和死亡的世界

本文的大多数读者将能够随时随地方便、卫生地“冲洗并忘记”他们的身体排泄物。然而,对于全球很大一部分人口而言,情况远非如此。我们中大约有三分之一的人无法使用有效的厕所——一个能够令人满意地将我们和其他人与我们可能携带疾病的粪便分离的厕所——在我们家、工作场所或学校内或附近。这种无法获得的情况对生活和生计产生了可怕的影响。联合国儿童基金会和世界卫生组织(2015 年)一直在监测全球供水和卫生设施的数据显示,2015 年,全球 32% 的人口(23.4 亿人)无法获得“改进”厕所。数据还表明,9.5 亿女性、男性、孩子们甚至无法使用肮脏、不安全的厕所;他们不得不在海滩、河岸、铁路线、田野或森林中随地大小便,或使用塑料袋,然后随意丢弃。在世界上露天排便的人中,有 5.6 亿人生活在印度。据报道,世界城镇和城市中能够使用适当厕所的人口比例远高于农村。然而,被联合国列为“最不发达国家”的 48 个国家在 2015 年其城镇和城市的厕所覆盖率平均只有 47%。目前城市人口增长非常迅速,而且很可能会保持这种增长,特别是与农村增长放缓 在海滩、河岸、铁路线上、田野或森林中,或使用塑料袋,然后随意丢弃。在世界上露天排便的人中,有 5.6 亿人生活在印度。据报道,世界城镇和城市中能够使用适当厕所的人口比例远高于农村。然而,被联合国列为“最不发达国家”的 48 个国家在 2015 年其城镇和城市的厕所覆盖率平均只有 47%。目前城市人口增长非常迅速,而且很可能会保持这种增长,特别是与农村增长放缓 在海滩、河岸、铁路线上、田野或森林中,或使用塑料袋,然后随意丢弃。在世界上露天排便的人中,有 5.6 亿人生活在印度。据报道,世界城镇和城市中能够使用适当厕所的人口比例远高于农村。然而,被联合国列为“最不发达国家”的 48 个国家在 2015 年其城镇和城市的厕所覆盖率平均只有 47%。目前城市人口增长非常迅速,而且很可能会保持这种增长,特别是与农村增长放缓 据报道,世界城镇和城市中能够使用适当厕所的人口比例远高于农村。然而,被联合国列为“最不发达国家”的 48 个国家在 2015 年其城镇的厕所覆盖率平均只有 47%。目前城市人口增长非常迅速,而且很可能会保持这种增长,特别是与农村增长放缓 据报道,世界城镇和城市中能够使用适当厕所的人口比例远高于农村。然而,被联合国列为“最不发达国家”的 48 个国家在 2015 年其城镇的厕所覆盖率平均只有 47%。目前城市人口增长非常迅速,而且很可能会保持这种增长,特别是与农村增长放缓
更新日期:2016-09-30
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