Abstract In Ghana, members of the middle class have recently started establishing family associations and foundations to support upward social mobility and to help secure middle-class status for family members of lower social status or non-related Ghanaians. Such family foundations and associations are usually established by family members, who see themselves as social reformers and feel that their own social status has been attained through talent and their own efforts, as well as the opportunity to obtain a quality education. By claiming the group’s common descent from a charismatic ancestor, men and women of the middle class creatively (re-)invent family organisations and boundaries of family and solidarity. The kind of association or foundation set up by extended families depends on their members’ social, financial and educational backgrounds: socially heterogeneous families tend to establish associations of solidarity to support their extended families. Foundations of families that are more homogeneo...

中文翻译：

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团结和社会流动的家庭基础：减轻加纳家庭的阶级界限

摘要 在加纳，中产阶级成员最近开始建立家庭协会和基金会，以支持社会向上流动，并帮助社会地位较低的家庭成员或非亲属的加纳人确保中产阶级地位。这种家庭基金会和协会通常是由家庭成员建立的，他们认为自己是社会改革者，认为自己的社会地位是通过才能和自己的努力获得的，以及获得优质教育的机会。中产阶级的男性和女性通过声称该群体来自一个有魅力的祖先的共同血统，创造性地（重新）创造了家庭组织以及家庭和团结的界限。大家庭建立的协会或基金会的类型取决于其成员的社会、经济和教育背景：社会异质家庭倾向于建立团结协会来支持他们的大家庭。更加同质化的家庭的基础......