This study employs microsimulation techniques to provide an accounting of exposure to imprisoned or formerly imprisoned kin. We characterize the risk and prevalence of imprisonment within full kinship networks and find that the life course trajectories of familial imprisonment experienced by black and white Americans take on qualitatively distinct forms: the average black American born at the height of the prison boom experienced the imprisonment of a relative for the first time at age 7 and by age 65 belongs to a family in which more than 1 in 7 working-age relatives have ever been imprisoned. By contrast, the average white American who experiences the imprisonment of a relative does not do so until age 39 and by age 65 belongs to a family in which 1 in 20 working-age relatives have ever been imprisoned. Future reductions in imprisonment rates have the potential to meaningfully reduce these racial disparities in family imprisonment burden.

中文翻译：

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集体监禁和大家庭

这项研究采用微观模拟技术，对被监禁或以前被监禁的亲属的暴露进行了核算。我们对全亲属网络中的监禁风险和患病率进行了表征，发现黑人和白人美国人所经历的家庭监禁的生活历程在质上有截然不同的形式：出生在监狱潮高峰时期的普通黑人美国人遭受了监禁。一名亲属在7岁时和65岁时首次属于一个家庭，在这个家庭中，有超过7个工作年龄的亲戚曾被监禁过。相比之下，经历过亲戚监禁的普通美国白人直到39岁，到65岁才属于一个家庭，其中有20个工作年龄的亲戚曾被监禁过。