Partner co-presence and multitasking are two contextual characteristics of time use that are commonly theorized to affect parental well-being. Although partner co-presence is often assumed to promote greater well-being, multitasking is frequently conceptualized as an indicator of time pressure. This study re-examines the relationship between these contextual characteristics and parents' enjoyment of childcare and housework. Using data from the U.K. Time Use Survey (2014–2015), our results indicate that associations between partner co-presence, multitasking, and enjoyment of unpaid work vary substantively depending on the type of task carried out. They also vary by gender of the parent. Mothers reported greater enjoyment of housework and interactive childcare with a partner present; however, this association did not extend to other types of childcare. Fathers' enjoyment varied little by partner co-presence. Similarly, multitasking was a varied experience depending on the types of activities parents combined. In some instances, combining unpaid work activities (e.g., housework with childcare) was associated with lower enjoyment; however, combining unpaid work with leisure was often associated with greater enjoyment. These results add nuance to prior research on how the contextual characteristics of time use relate to parental well-being and suggest that prior conceptualizations of partner co-presence and multitasking are incomplete.

中文翻译：

---

重新研究伴侣共同存在和多任务处理如何影响父母对保育和家务的享受

伴侣共同存在和多任务处理是时间使用的两个语境特征，通常被认为会影响父母的幸福感。尽管通常认为伙伴共同存在可以促进更大的幸福感，但经常将多任务处理概念化为时间压力的指示器。这项研究重新检验了这些背景特征与父母对保育和家务的享受之间的关系。使用来自英国时间使用情况调查（2014-2015）的数据，我们的结果表明，合作伙伴共同存在，多任务处理和享受无偿工作之间的关联会根据执行的任务类型而有很大不同。他们还因父母的性别而异。母亲们报告说，在有伴侣陪伴的情况下，他们更加享受家务劳动和互动式托儿服务；然而，这种联系并没有扩展到其他类型的儿童保育。父亲的享受因伴侣共同存在而变化不大。同样，根据父母合并的活动类型，多任务处理是一种多样化的体验。在某些情况下，将无偿工作活动（例如，家务劳动和育儿）结合起来会降低娱乐性；但是，将无偿工作与休闲结合通常会带来更多乐趣。这些结果为先前关于时间使用的上下文特征如何与父母幸福感相关的研究增添了细微差别，并表明对伴侣共同存在和多任务处理的先前概念尚不完善。将无偿工作活动（例如，家务劳动和育儿）结合起来，会导致娱乐性降低；但是，将无偿工作与休闲结合通常会带来更多乐趣。这些结果为先前关于时间使用的上下文特征如何与父母幸福感相关的研究增添了细微差别，并表明对伴侣共同存在和多任务处理的先前概念尚不完善。将无偿工作活动（例如，家务劳动和育儿）结合起来，会导致娱乐性降低；但是，将无偿工作与休闲结合通常会带来更多乐趣。这些结果为先前关于时间使用的上下文特征如何与父母幸福感相关的研究增添了细微差别，并表明对伴侣共同存在和多任务处理的先前概念尚不完善。