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School Choice, Neighborhood Change, and Racial Imbalance Between Public Elementary Schools and Surrounding Neighborhoods
Sociological Science ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.15195/v7.a4
Kendra Bischoff , Laura Tach

The expansion of school choice in recent years has potentially generated demographic imbalances between traditional public schools and their residential attendance zones. Demographic imbalances emerge from selective opting out, when families of certain racial and/or ethnic backgrounds disproportionately choose not to enroll in their neighborhood-based public schools. In this article, we use a unique data set of school attendance zones in 21 large U.S. school districts to show how changes in neighborhood conditions and school choice options influence race-specific enrollments in locally zoned public elementary schools from 2000 to 2010. We find that the presence of more school-choice options generates racial imbalances between public elementary schools and their surrounding neighborhoods, but this association differs by type of choice-based alternative. Private schools, on average, reduce the presence of non-Hispanic white students in locally zoned schools, whereas charter schools may reduce the presence of nonwhite students in locally zoned schools. Increases in neighborhood-school racial imbalances from 2000 to 2010 were concentrated in neighborhoods undergoing increases in socioeconomic status, suggesting that parents' residential and school decisions are dynamic and sensitive to changing neighborhood conditions. Selective opting out has implications for racial integration in schools and the distribution of familial resources across educational contexts.

中文翻译:

学校的选择,社区的变化以及公立小学与周围社区之间的种族失衡

近年来,学校选择范围的扩大可能会导致传统公立学校与其住宿出勤区之间的人口失衡。当某些种族和/或种族背景的家庭不成比例地选择不入读其邻里的公立学校时,人口的不平衡是有选择地退出的。在本文中,我们使用了美国21个大型学区的学校出勤区的唯一数据集,以显示2000年至2010年期间,社区环境的变化和学校选择的选择如何影响当地公立小学的种族入学率。更多选择学校的选择会导致公立小学与其周围社区之间的种族失衡,但是这种关联因基于选择的备选方案的类型而异。平均而言,私立学校减少了本地分区学校中非西班牙裔白人学生的人数,而特许学校可能减少了本地分区学校中非白人学生的人数。从2000年到2010年,邻里学校种族失衡的增加主要集中在社会经济地位不断提高的邻里,这表明父母的住所和学校决定是动态的,并且对变化的邻里条件敏感。选择性退出对学校中的种族融合和跨教育背景的家庭资源分配有影响。而特许学校可以减少非白人学生在本地分区学校中的存在。从2000年到2010年,邻里学校种族失衡的增加主要集中在社会经济地位不断提高的邻里,这表明父母的住所和学校决定是动态的,并且对变化的邻里条件敏感。选择性退出对学校中的种族融合和跨教育背景的家庭资源分配有影响。而特许学校可以减少非白人学生在本地分区学校中的存在。从2000年到2010年,邻里学校种族失衡的增加主要集中在社会经济地位不断提高的邻里,这表明父母的住所和学校决定是动态的,并且对变化的邻里条件敏感。选择性退出对学校中的种族融合和跨教育背景的家庭资源分配有影响。
更新日期:2020-01-01
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