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The New Deal, the Deserving Poor, and the First Public Housing Residents in New York City
Social Science History ( IF 0.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-15 , DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2019.41
Ryan Allen , David Van Riper

Between 1934 and the time of the 1940 Census, the US government built and leased 30,151 units of public housing, but we know little about the residents who benefited from this housing. We use a unique methodology that compares addresses of five public housing developments to complete-count data from the 1940 Census to identify residents of public housing in New York City at the time of the census. We compare these residents to the larger pool of residents living in New York City in 1940 who were eligible to apply for the housing to assess how closely housing authorities adhered to the intent of the National Industrial Recovery Act (1933) and the Housing Act of 1937. This comparison produces a picture of whom public housing administrators considered deserving of this public benefit at the dawn of the public housing program in the United States. Results indicate a shift toward serving households with lower incomes over time. All the developments had a consistent preference for households with a “nuclear family” structure, but policies favoring racial segregation and other discretion on the part of housing authorities for tenant selection created distinct populations across housing developments. Households headed by a naturalized citizen were favored over households headed by a native-born citizen in nearly all the public housing projects. This finding suggests a more nuanced understanding of who public housing administrators considered deserving of the first public housing than archival research accounts had previously indicated.

中文翻译:

新政、应得的穷人以及纽约市的第一批公共住房居民

从 1934 年到 1940 年人口普查期间,美国政府建造并出租了 30,151 套公共住房,但我们对受益于这些住房的居民知之甚少。我们使用一种独特的方法,将五个公共住房开发项目的地址与 1940 年人口普查的完整数据进行比较,以确定人口普查时纽约市公共住房的居民。我们将这些居民与 1940 年居住在纽约市的大量有资格申请住房的居民进行比较,以评估住房当局对《国家工业复苏法》(1933 年)和 1937 年《住房法》意图的遵守程度. 这种比较产生了一幅图景,即在美国公共住房计划的初期,公共住房管理者认为哪些人应该获得这种公共利益。结果表明,随着时间的推移,人们转向为收入较低的家庭提供服务。所有的开发项目都对具有“核心家庭”结构的家庭有着一贯的偏好,但有利于种族隔离的政策和住房当局在租户选择方面的其他自由裁量权在不同的住房开发项目中创造了不同的人口。在几乎所有的公共住房项目中,以归化公民为户主的家庭都比以本地出生的公民为户主的家庭更受青睐。这一发现表明,与以往档案研究报告所表明的相比,对公共住房管理者认为谁应该获得第一批公共住房的理解更加细致入微。所有的开发项目都对具有“核心家庭”结构的家庭有着一贯的偏好,但有利于种族隔离的政策和住房当局在租户选择方面的其他自由裁量权在不同的住房开发项目中创造了不同的人口。在几乎所有的公共住房项目中,以归化公民为户主的家庭都比以本地出生的公民为户主的家庭更受青睐。这一发现表明,与以往档案研究报告所表明的相比,对公共住房管理者认为谁应该获得第一批公共住房的理解更加细致入微。所有的开发项目都对具有“核心家庭”结构的家庭有着一贯的偏好,但有利于种族隔离的政策和住房当局在租户选择方面的其他自由裁量权在不同的住房开发项目中创造了不同的人口。在几乎所有的公共住房项目中,以归化公民为户主的家庭都比以本地出生的公民为户主的家庭更受青睐。这一发现表明,与以往档案研究报告所表明的相比,对公共住房管理者认为谁应该获得第一批公共住房的理解更加细致入微。在几乎所有的公共住房项目中,以归化公民为户主的家庭都比以本地出生的公民为户主的家庭更受青睐。这一发现表明,与以往档案研究报告所表明的相比,对公共住房管理者认为谁应该获得第一批公共住房的理解更加细致入微。在几乎所有的公共住房项目中,以归化公民为户主的家庭都比以本地出生的公民为户主的家庭更受青睐。这一发现表明,与以往档案研究报告所表明的相比,对公共住房管理者认为谁应该获得第一批公共住房的理解更加细致入微。
更新日期:2020-01-15
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