The societal integration of immigrants is a great concern in many of today’s Western societies, and has been so for a long time. Whether we look at Europe in 2015 or the United States at the turn of the twentieth century, large flows of immigrants pose challenges to receiving societies. While much research has focused on the socioeconomic integration of immigrants there has been less interest in their demographic integration, even though this can tell us as much about the way immigrants fare in their new home country. In this article we study the disparities in infant and child mortality across nativity groups and generations, using new, high-density census data. In addition to describing differentials and trends in child mortality among 14 immigrant groups relative to the native-born white population of native parentage, we focus special attention on the association between child mortality, immigrant assimilation, and the community-level context of where immigrants lived. Our findings indicate substantial nativity differences in child mortality, but also that factors related to the societal integration of immigrants explains a substantial part of these differentials. Our results also point to the importance of spatial patterns and contextual variables in understanding nativity differentials in child mortality.

中文翻译：

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移民与儿童死亡率：二十世纪初美国的教训


移民的社会融合是当今许多西方社会非常关心的问题，而且长期以来一直如此。无论我们看看 2015 年的欧洲还是 20 世纪之交的美国，大量移民的流动都给接收国带来了挑战。尽管许多研究都集中在移民的社会经济融合上，但对其人口融合的兴趣却较少，尽管这可以告诉我们移民在新祖国的情况。在本文中，我们利用新的高密度人口普查数据研究了不同出生群体和代际之间婴儿和儿童死亡率的差异。除了描述 14 个移民群体相对于本土出生的白人人口的儿童死亡率的差异和趋势之外，我们还特别关注儿童死亡率、移民同化和移民居住地的社区层面背景之间的关联。我们的研究结果表明，出生地在儿童死亡率方面存在显着差异，但与移民社会融合相关的因素也解释了这些差异的很大一部分。我们的结果还指出了空间模式和背景变量在理解儿童死亡率的出生差异方面的重要性。