My presidential address identifies the pathways to disadvantage that complicate our understanding of purposive action. The article explains that (1) first, deception can deepen inequality; (2) disadvantages can emerge in midcourse, as new and unanticipated distributions of resources, sanctions, and opportunities unfold during the course of action; (3) the rules targeting one area of social life can disadvantage groups of people in other areas; and (4) disadvantaging policies can emerge through isomorphism (isomorphic disadvantage), sometimes by virtue of what other policy commissions across the globe are doing about the same social problem. Finally, (5) when there is an unlucky turn of events that leads to a deepening of disadvantage, its consequences depend on more than mere chance to make those disadvantages durable. My article concludes with a brief discussion of the implications for reparations and repair. While these pathways may not be exhaustive, they systematize the sociological intuition that things are not as they appear. And although my discussion of repair is brief, it gestures toward the possibilities that the past offers for understanding the process and the rules of remedy.

中文翻译：

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SSHA总统讲话：不利的途径

我的总统讲话指出了使我们对有目的的行动的理解复杂化的不利途径。文章解释说（1）第一，欺骗会加深不平等；(2) 不利因素可能在中途出现，因为在行动过程中会出现新的和未预料到的资源分配、制裁和机会；（3）针对社会生活某一领域的规则可能对其他领域的人群不利；(4) 不利政策可以通过同构（同构不利）出现，有时是由于全球其他政策委员会对同一社会问题所做的事情。最后，（5）当不幸的转折导致劣势加深时，其后果不仅仅取决于使这些劣势持久的机会。我的文章最后简要讨论了对赔偿和维修的影响。虽然这些途径可能并不详尽，但它们系统化了社会学直觉，即事物并非如其所见。尽管我对修复的讨论很简短，但它指向了过去为理解修复过程和规则提供的可能性。